Classical vs. Modern Music Essay - 1080 Words

Classical vs. Modern Music Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on January 27, 1756, in Salzburg, Austria. He was born to an overbearing and ambitious father, Leopold, who was more than anxious to exploit his sons extraordinary musical gifts. Mozart began composing at an early age, and he began touring around the same time. Throughout his life, Mozart made many enemies, many his own fault, through his naive arrogance and harsh critique of his musical contemporaries. He worked feverishly, composing symphonies and operas, as well as touring constantly. Mozart died of overwork and kidney failure on the 5th of December 1791 while still ironically at work on the Requiem Mass for an unknown patron. Though he lived for a relatively†¦show more content†¦7 in A minor, Opus 49. He died in 1881 and was buried in his hometown of Verviers. Mostly Mozart Festival, Avery Fisher Hall, Lincoln Center. This musical performance included three works from Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - Symphony No.32 in G, K.318, Piano Con certo in D minor, K.466 and Symphony No.35 in D, K.385 (Haffner) - and one from Henry Vieuxtemps - Violin Concerto No.5. Emmanuel Krivine conducted the performance, with featured soloists Joshua Bell (Vieuxtemps violin concerto) and Stewart Goodyear (Mozart piano concerto). A full orchestra performed the symphonies. Overall, the Mostly Mozart Festival was a tremendously enjoyable experience. The qualities that define the works of Mozart are often the same as those that are used to describe those of the â€Å"classical† period of music, from his smooth melodies and flowing rhythm, to his pleasing use of dynamics to create an atmosphere of complete satisfaction. One of the most defining principles of the style of Mozart is the connection to nature and God, and the seeming oneness and harmony that can be achieved simply by listening while the melodies take you to a higher plane of thought. The most enjoyable piece from the performance was â€Å"Allegro,† from Mozart’s Concerto in Dm. There are simply not enough words in the English vocabulary to describe how eloquently crafted and rhythmically shaped this piece is. One of the most outstanding elements of this piece is the harmony created between the piano and theShow MoreRelatedClassical Vs. Modern Music1409 Words   |   6 PagesClassical vs. Modern Music Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on January 27, 1756, in Salzburg, Austria. He was born to an overbearing and ambitious father, Leopold, who was more than anxious to exploit his son s extraordinary musical gifts. Mozart began composing at an early age, and he began touring around the same time. Throughout his life, Mozart made many enemies, many his own fault, through his naive arrogance and harsh critique of his musical contemporaries. He worked feverishly, composingRead MoreClassical Music Vs. Modern Music1001 Words   |  5 Pagesexpression for European and American music, of the more serious kind, as opposed to popular folk music,† is the ‘Classical Music’ definition according to the New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy (Houghton Mifflin Company). It appears that finding a common description for a musical phenomenon, that’s been around since the Medieval Period, is much easier said than done. I must admit that prior to taking this course, I fell victim t o assuming all classical music is dense and contained very little diversityRead MoreModern vs. Classical Music955 Words   |  4 Pagessimilar emotional feel for modern day people, as it would have felt for people listening to a live symphony during the Classical era, the ability the artists, and those involved with them, have with the increase of new technology and business schemes has allowed their base of listeners to be on a global scale for millions, if not yet billions. During the late 17th century to early 19th century, the phenomenon that is the evolution of Liturgical Music had hit the Classical era; extremely skilled artistsRead MoreThe Modern Perceptions of Classical Music Essay example553 Words   |  3 Pageshear the term â€Å"music† they are likely to respond with a fresh singer, band, or genre of â€Å"pop† music. Often times society places their opinion of classical music and popular music on completely different wavelengths of importance in the wor ld. The modern perception of classical vs. popular music has led to a heavily decreasing audience for classical groups and performances, a desire for repetitive and simple melodies, and a negative stigma against classical music’s importance. When music began to becomeRead MoreFree Will vs Determinism in A Clockwork Orange, by Anthony Burgess1208 Words   |  5 Pagesaccordingly to one’s own nature, they should be able to express their free will. In turn, he uses this justification to senselessly beat a man up for simply not liking him. This could be supported by a quote from an article about the study of free will vs determinism, which states, â€Å"freedom to choose fits comfortably with the assumption that people deserve what they get† (Carey 133). Alex could agree that someone of his own violent nature deserves this moment, or that the man deserved the beating. HoweverRead MorePsychological Conditioning and Theories of Behavior1013 Words   |  4 Pagesunconscious parts of the mind, instead putting forward a new way to look at human behavior that is empirical (observed, quantified, and measured). Ivan Pavlov, for instance, was researching the digestive systems of dogs and led him to the discovery of classical condition, a way to modify behaviors using conditioned responses. Pavlovs views intrigued American John Watson, who pushed the idea forward in up through the 1950s. Building on these theories, but amending the model with the effects of punishmentRead MoreEssay on Renaissance vs Neoclassicism1295 Words   |  6 PagesTrefren, D Renaissance VS Neoclassicism How could two periods such as the Neoclassicism and the Renaissance be so successful and be focused on very different things? Neoclassicism and the Renaissance are two major periods in the history of art during which different forms of art including architecture, painting, music and visual arts, significantly advanced. It was during these periods, different artists became very famous as a result of the masterpieces reflecting how the ideologies and artisticRead MoreWho Killed the Electric Car vs. A Crude Awakening: The Oil Crash1298 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Who Killed the Electric Car vs. A Crude Awakening: The Oil Crash Who Killed the Electric Car directed by Chris Paine and A Crude Awakening: The Oil Crash directed by Basil Gelpke and Ray McCormack are similar documentary films in several aspects including their target audiences and viewpoints. Both documentaries choose to approach their messages differently concerning their use(s) of pathos, logos, and ethos. Who Killed the Electric Car relies much more on the use of pathos to relay its argumentRead MoreOklahoma Performing Arts, Inc. Essay1735 Words   |  7 Pagesdevelop his or her character through classical arts training and community service programs and presentations. Please provide a brief overview of your organization (250 words). Oklahoma Performing Arts, Inc. (OPA) began its nonprofit roots in 1996. OPA has the unique setting of being a place for all. We provide a positive space for organizations to meet, to create and to share their mission with the Tulsa community. OPA also offers Dance, Voice, Acting, Music and Yoga training for all ages, alongRead MoreGreek Gods and Goddess875 Words   |  4 PagesThe Greek Gods: Ancient vs. Modern Views According to ancient Greek mythology the Greek gods and goddesses had at one time lived the savage, brutal and ugly life of humans. Eventually, however, they managed to rise above this ancient fierceness to become the nineteen elder gods and goddesses the Greeks knew as The Titans, who ruled the earth in a primordial era before the Olympian gods overthrew them. The ancient Greeks of the first millennium before the Christian era believed

Age Of Enlightenment Essay - 1165 Words

Throughout history mankind has transformed into a highly developed and cultured society, driven on the foundations of one vital key factor in our evolution that set humans apart from other species entirely, the ability to think. If humans did not possess the ability to think, there would be no change or development of our species as a whole and individually. By challenging the natural process of evolution and defying the odds, humans carved their way into this world to leave their mark. A time period in history where thinking began to dig deeper and defining one s philosophical thoughts became a prevalent and popular subject to indulge in was The Age of Enlightenment. During this age, many philosophers who studied the fundamental nature†¦show more content†¦Rome is where Borelli would meet his next teacher, Benedetto Antonio Castelli , a former professor of mathematics who would help guide and shape Borelli’s interests of studies. â€Å"introduced by Campanella to B enedetto Antonio Castelli who had come to Rome... giving courses on Euclid s Elements and Apollonius s Conics. Borelli attended these courses...a pupil of Castelli and...became an expert on Euclid and Apollonius.† During his scholar years under Castelli, Borelli earned a reputation as a â€Å" as an exceptionally good mathematician.† http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Borelli.html Due to this reputation he gained, Borelli earned the first of many oppurtunies he would be presented to as a philosopher when he was made a teacher at the university. â€Å"Borelli was appointed as a lecturer in mathematics at the University of Messina in Sicily after being recommended by Castelli.† CITE By transitioning from student to teacher, a vast amount of doors opened for him as Borelli was now on the same level as hisShow MoreRelated Age of Enlightenment Essay2052 Words   |  9 Pages The 18th century is referred to as the ‘Age of Enlightenment’. The trends in thought and letters from Europe to the American colonies brought a new light and attention upon mankind. This new movement described a time in Western philosophy and cultural life in which reason was advocated as the primary source and legitimacy for authority. ‘To understand the natural world and humankinds place in it solely on the basis of reason and without turning to religious belief was the goal of the wide-rangingRead MoreThe Age of Enlightenment Essay2088 Words   |  9 PagesThe Enlightenment was a period in the eighteenth century where change in philosophy and cultural life took place in Europe. The movement started in France, and spread to Great Britain, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Germany at more or less around the same time, the ideas starting with the most renowned thinkers and philosophers of the time and eventually being shared with the common people. The Enlightenment was a way of thinking that focused on the betterment of humanity by using logi c and reason ratherRead More Was The Enlightenment Really The Age of Reason? Essay1569 Words   |  7 Pagesconstantly building on previous insights. The Enlightenment is a historical period referring to the intellectual movement that swept across Europe in the 18th century. To tackle this question, I will be looking at two texts. The essays, ‘An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment’ by Immanuel Kant, an 18th century philosopher, and ‘What is Enlightenment’ by Michel Foucault, a 20th century philosopher. The texts show that the Enlightenment was the age of reason because it allowed individuals toRead More Paideia as Bildung in Germany in the Age of Enlightenment Essay2987 Words   |  12 PagesPaideia as Bildung in Germany in the Age of Enlightenment ABSTRACT: There have been many interpretations of Bildung in the history of German philosophy, from the Medieval mystics to the secularization of the Enlightenment. Wilhelm von Humboldts work at the end of the 18th century is a good example. He placed the idea of Bildung at the center of his work because it was rooted in a dynamic, transforming idea of the natural and human worlds while also being oriented toward a model of balance andRead More Philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment Essay examples1477 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the eighteenth century, ideas of reform started in France and spread through Europe. This period is referred to as The Age of Enlightenment. The Enlightenment carried the idea that economic change and political reform were possible. People started to think that they could use their own intellect to challenge the intellectual authority of tradition and the Christian past. The people who wrote for change and reform were called the philosophes (French for phi losophers). They wrote hoping to bringRead MoreAge of Enlightenment and Course Materials Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesbasic, college-level analytical essay. You may type directly into this file and then upload when finished. Remember that you need to connect what you read in the book to what you are learning from other course materials to complete you answers. Step I: Basic, factual analysis of a reading 1. List three examples of events/methods from Voltaire’s Candide which you believe best illustrate the issues related to the Scientific Revolution and to the Enlightenment. a. The reaction of the PortugueseRead MoreThe Age of Enlightenment and Rebellion against Authority Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesThe Age of Enlightenment saw many great changes in Western Europe. It was an age of reason and philosophes. During this age, changes the likes of which had not been seen since ancient times took place. Such change affected evert pore of Western European society. Many might argue that the Enlightenment really did not bring any real change, however, there exists and overwhelming amount of facts which prove, without question, that the spirit of the Enlightenment was one of change-specifically changeRead MoreAge of Enlightenment: Revolutionary Viewpoints Spreading Essay830 Words   |  4 PagesThe age of enlightenment is a term used to describe a time in Western philosophy and cultural life centered upon the late 17th and 18th century. (wikipedia.com) When the word enlightenment comes to mind your first thought is of change for the better. A time of prosper ity and success within a country. Several individuals have been credited and blamed for leading and contributing to the Enlightenment. These thinkers not only changed their views, but also spread revolutionary ideas to others. TheseRead MoreEnlightenment Essay example532 Words   |  3 PagesEnlightenment Do we at present live in enlightened age? What is enlightenment? Immanuel Kant attempts to clarify the meaning of enlightenment while composing the essay, What is Enlightenment?. The goal of Kants essay was to discuss what the nature of enlightenment was. It also taught one how enlightenment can be brought about in the general public. Kant explains that, enlightenment is mans release from his self-incurred immaturity. Immaturity is mans incompetence to have directionRead MoreImmanuel Kants Age Of Enlightenment746 Words   |  3 PagesImmanuel Kant remains to this day as one of the most influential philosophes in the history of Western philosophy. In his essay writing â€Å"What is Enlightenment?† he defines enlightenment as â€Å"man’s release from his self-incurred tutelage†[1]. In order to understand Kant’s line of thinking we must understand what he meant by â€Å"tutelage†. He describes tutelage or immaturity or incompetence - â€Å"the inability to use one’s understanding without direction from another†[1]. According to Kant, immaturity is

Cognitive Perspectives Learning Rutledge -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Cognitive Perspectives Learning Rutledge? Answer: Introduction Peer learning indicates students teaching or learning from other fellow students. Peer learning is not a new concept in education it involves a broad range of activities. accounting to the researchers of University of Ulster there are ten models of peer learning, with the oldest one being the Proctor Model in which the junior students are taught by the senior students. The innovative current form of peer to peer learning include innovative learning cells where students from same year form groups to study together and also share personal problems. The other models of peer learning include discussion groups, self-help groups, private study, seminars, peer assessment, mentoring at workplace, and various community services. This report is going to focus on the fact that how peer to peer learning can make the students independent learners. The following paragraphs will talk about peer to peer learning and how it can benefit the students and the ways through it will make the students indep endent. Peer learning Then and Now Peer learning is not at all a new concept, throughout the history peer earning has been encouraged, it can be seen in Aristotles idea of Archons or the student leaders and in the letters of Seneca the Younger (Brown 2015). The theory was first organized by Andrew Bell, who was a Scotsman in the year 1795 and later this organized theory was implemented in the French and English schools. Over a period of time peer learning methods has become popular and the educational institutions has taken interest in finding better and more efficient methods of teaching (Boud, Cohen and Sampson 2014). Peer learning is different than peer instruction, which is a relatively recent concept, while peer teaching or learning means that one student will teach another student or they will both learn together by sharing their respective knowledge. According to Goodlad and Hurst there are several peer learning methods at college level. In reputed universities, surrogate teaching is a common method of peer learning, in this method the older experienced students teach the younger students or take responsibilities to mentor some of the undergraduates. Students who are ahead in studies than their batch-mates or have recently have done quite well in their academic front they participate in one to one tutoring programs or proctoring programs (Chiu and Hew 2017). In cooperative learning method, classmates divide themselves into small groups and everyone in each of the groups take responsibility to teach others, each of the members contribute something unique in the group. There is another type of peer learning in which is more specific in nature in terms of co-operative learning; in this process, the entire class is divided into pairs where both of them tutor each other it is called Reciprocal peer tutoring (Kulkarni et al. 2015). Acc ording to research, peer learning encourage spirit of team building and students learn to become supportive; improves psychological health, increases social skills, communication skills and self- confidence; and ensures higher chances of achievement and enhances productivity through advanced learning outcomes. Peer learning becomes advanced when solidified as an irreplaceable piece of an instructive projects, giving watchful thought to influence a good figuring out how to condition. Understudies must frame shared respect for and trust and trust in each other, with the objective that they don't falter to express suppositions, test contemplations, and demand, or offer help when it is required (Kupczynski et al. 2014). Companion learning can be also enhanced if nature of shared help continues after some time and past the classroom. In this way, understudies are independently and overall in charge of streamlining their own particular learning and achievements. Benefits of Peer Learning There are several benefits of peer learning, they are as follows: Individual learning is an important part of gaining knowledge it enhances self-confidence and promotes individual thought process (Richards 2015). Peer learning helps in individual learning, thus in a way peer learning leads to honing of individual skills. The students have to interact with one another to take part in peer learning, this ensures gaining knowledge in an active way (Lundberg 2014). Students take individual initiative to learn new things, it can be said that peer learning methods management active learning. Peer to peer learning leads to better form of interaction between the students, this enhances communication skills and this prove beneficial for the students in their respective future. The tutors who participate in peer learning activities also at the same time revise the things that they have learned while teaching the others, it becomes beneficial to both the tutor and the student. Most of the times the students feel uncomfortable to approach the professors or their respective teachers to ask any questions or to clear any doubts but this does not happen in peer learning (Taylor 2017). In the case of learning from their peers the students feel free to communicate with them, thus there are no gaps left in their knowledge. As the students and the peers have the same mindset and similar level of understanding thus it become easier for them to communicate and understand the knowledge process. While providing the above-mentioned benefits peer learning also provides financial advantage (Mastropieri and Scruggs 2017). The institutions does not require hiring more staffs, instead the students can act as teachers to their fellow batch mates or the juniors. In cooperative peer learning and group learning the students can clear their doubts with their peer tutors so the teachers get more time to move on to the next chapters or lessons. Disadvantages of Peer Learning There are certain disadvantages of peer learning as well: As the students work with their friends or people of same age they may not give that much importance and can ignore the tasks or lessons. There can be gaps in learning as the tutors are themselves students and they do not have that much experience in teaching or much knowledge about the lessons. Peer learning does not promote healthy relationships between students and teachers, if the students can discuss on their own and learn their lessons, this practice does not promote proper learning with adequate help from the teachers (O'Donnell and King 2014). The students can become overconfident, as they are learning on their own without any help from the teachers they may start to believe that they know everything and they do not need any help from the experienced teachers and professors. Within the student groups, the individuals who act as peer tutors may take charge up to a greater level and thus the others might not get any chance to do anything or contribute in the activities of the group. Ways in which Peer to Peer Learning promote Student Independence Peer learning helps the students to communicate with one another and learn about their own mistakes and understand their own strength and weaknesses. Through peer assessment the students will learn whether their goals, aims and strategies are on right or not, from the peer tutors the students can take independent decision about which path to follow Asking questions is very important to gain complete knowledge about something, in a class a student may feel shy or feel awkward to ask any question directly to the teacher (Reid, Chau and Thalluri 2016). In case of peer learning the students will not feel shy to ask questions and they will feel free to ask questions to their tutors who can be their friends or seniors and thus they will not stay depended on their professors to answer their questions. Peer learning will help the students to deal with their problems on their own, to analyze their own situation and to find out a solution with the help of their friends (Reinholz 2016). This will also help them in their future to understand and judge their own problem and to solve them on their own. Thus peer learning makes a person learn to be independent in their future as well. While learning with their friends the students plan everything on their own, the lesson plans, the ways to execute it, all are decided by the students independently. The students also monitor their own academic progress. In peer learning the students monitor their own academic progress and they can improve accordingly on their own. They become the judge of their own work and they do not depend on others. Conclusion To conclude it can be said that peer learning is very important for the students to learn to work with one another grow their communication skills and to learn how to work as an independent individual. Peer learning makes one learn with the help of their fellow mates through exchange of knowledge and discussions. Learning to be an independent person is the most essential part of growing up thus peer learning should be encouraged in order to make a person a complete individual completely capable of making their own choice and learn from others, choose their own dreams and one who knows how to achieve those goals. Reference List Boud, D., Cohen, R. and Sampson, J. eds., 2014.Peer learning in higher education: Learning from and with each other. Routledge. Brown, G., 2015, October. Self and peer assessment. InAssessment Grading Seminar Series. Chiu, K.F. and Hew, K.F.T., 2017. Asynchronous online discussion forum in MOOCs: Does operating matter for peer learning and performance?.Australasian Journal of Educational Technology. Kulkarni, C., Wei, K.P., Le, H., Chia, D., Papadopoulos, K., Cheng, J., Koller, D. and Klemmer, S.R., 2015. Peer and self assessment in massive online classes. InDesign thinking research(pp. 131-168). Springer, Cham. Kupczynski, L., Mundy, M.A., Goswami, J. and Meling, V., 2014. Cooperative learning in distance learning: a mixed methods study.International Journal of Instruction,5(2). Lundberg, C.A., 2014. Peers and faculty as predictors of learning for community college students.Community College Review,42(2), pp.79-98. Mastropieri, M.A. and Scruggs, T.E., 2017.The inclusive classroom: Strategies for effective differentiated instruction. Pearson. O'Donnell, A.M. and King, A. eds., 2014.Cognitive perspectives on peer learning. Routledge. Reid, P., Chau, M. and Thalluri, J., 2016. Students' experience and evaluation of peer-to-peer learning innovation.Focus on Health Professional Education: A Multi-disciplinary Journal,17(1), p.101. Reinholz, D., 2016. The assessment cycle: a model for learning through peer assessment.Assessment Evaluation in Higher Education,41(2), pp.301-315. Richards, J.C., 2015. The changing face of language learning: Learning beyond the classroom.RELC Journal,46(1), pp.5-22. Taylor, E.W., 2017. Transformative learning theory. InTransformative Learning Meets Bildung(pp. 17-29). SensePublishers, Rotterdam.

The Connectio Between Animal Cruelty And Human Violence Essay Example For Students

The Connectio Between Animal Cruelty And Human Violence Essay Word Count: 1452 Animal cruelty encompasses a range of different behaviors harmful to animals, from neglect to malicious, brutal killings. Studies show that animal cruelty may lead to more serious forms of crime, like heavy drug use, violent outbursts, and most common, cold blooded murder. Many studies in psychology, sociology, and criminology during the last twenty-five years have demonstrated that violent offenders frequently have childhood and adolescent histories of serious and repeated animal cruelty. A web page that goes by the name Animal Alliance says most cruelty investigated by humane officers, is unintentional neglect, and can be resolved through education. (3) I was slightly shocked when I saw this comment. We will write a custom essay on The Connectio Between Animal Cruelty And Human Violence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Anyone who puts an animals life in their hands, has a responsibility to it. You dont just forget to feed him/her, or forget to show them love unless it is intentional, it get so much worse, though. These people arent just forgetting to feed their pets, or give them attention, theyre kicking and beating them, poisoning and butchering these poor creatures, and what makes me sick to my stomach, is that some of these people do it for fun!! I recently ran across a link to a web page that contained a online petition to put a cats killers to justice with maximum sentence. This is the article I found on this brutal torture of an innocent creature. ***WARNING*** (graphic details) On October 10, 1999, a beautiful female cat came willingly to the four boys who stopped on the side of the road and called to her. Her trust was rewarded by unthinkable terror and cruelty being used as a tug-of-war toy until the boys heard something pop, having her legs broken, being jumped up and down on like a trampoline. Even when her pitiful battered body was mercifully dead, her suffering was not at an end. The boys then placed her ravaged body under the wheel of their car, braking over her, as they drove off to find other amusement. Once the Chesapeake Animal Control conducted their investigation and performed a necropsy, criminal charges were filed against 3 of the 4 boys involved. If these charges are found to be accurate, these boys are not only in violation of the laws of the State of Virginia, but are also in need of immediate psychiatric intervention. (1)*** Another horrific article I ran across was even worse. It was about a dog who to was also a victim of rancid brutality. Here is that story. ***WARNING*** (graphic details) Jose, Marcus, Richard and Lance are accused of obtaining a video camera, pressing the record button, luring Scruffy from his home, and then torturing and killing him in an unspeakably monstrous act of cruelty. In the videotape that the police and media have in their possession, four men are shown torturing and killing Scruffy in lurid detail. The quality of the tape is very good, and the police have been able to obtain photographs of the men in the tape. In this tape, one of the four men is shown to elevate Scruffy off the ground by the neck, and then begin this horrific abuse by choking him. This 6 pound little dog did not have a fighting chance against these men. Scruffy, still alive, was then placed in a trash bag. The four men shown in the tape then doused the trash bag with what appeared in the video to be lamp oil, took a cigarette lighter, and set Scruffy on fire. Scruffy, at this point in the video, began to run wildly in pain and agony around the trees while the four men watched and laughed. When the flames finally went out, Scruffy was still alive, but his torture was not over. Next, the men decided to try to decapitate Scruffy with a shovel. After slamming the shovel into Scruffys neck and not being able to attain their goal, they realized that Scruffy was more of a fighter than they had expected. .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e , .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e .postImageUrl , .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e , .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e:hover , .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e:visited , .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e:active { border:0!important; } .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e:active , .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ude515a79b5a4d9e2bb34563b2ecd277e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Common Themes In Short Stories Essay The men then opened Scruffys mouth and began to pull his jaws apart, as if trying to rip his face in two. Using the shovel in place of a club, the men then beat Scruffy until his tiny body gave out, and he died. Throughout the videotape the four men are all shown laughing and having a good time as they are carrying out these unspeakable tortures. (1) *** After I read these stories I was disgusted, revolted, down right sickened by the realization that these men needed to be

Free Essays on Fay Weldon

Fay Weldon uses the setting of her story to teach a young woman a lesson in morality, and about life and love. This unnamed young woman narrates the story from the first person point of view, giving the reader a private glimpse into her inner struggle. I like how Weldon’s story is filled with irony, as the young woman seeks justification for an affair with a man who was, â€Å"supervising my thesis on varying concepts of morality and duty† (Weldon 147). As a married man, Peter is burdening her with the choice between her own morality and a struggle to be like her sister. The woman’s sister urges her to â€Å"just go for it, sister. If you can unhinge a marriage, it’s ripe for the unhinging, it would happen sooner or later, it might as well be you†. Weldon uses rain to bring Mrs. Piper into the story, though she is not present in Sarajevo. The young woman notes that every sidewalk is sheltered by â€Å"a shield of bobbing umbrellas†¦to keep the rain off the streets. Using the rain pouring down upon the main characters while the townsfolk remain sheltered, Weldon shows how exposed the two lovers are, and how Mrs. Piper, too, is affected by their actions. Peter complains that Princip’s footprints in the sidewalk are obscured by the rain, in much the same way that his lust for the young woman obscures the importance and pain of his wife. The inordinate affection that the young woman feels begins to wear off, starting a downpour, which is unstoppable until its inevitable conclusion. The rain continues to drive the storyline, forcing the woman and her lover to dine in a restaurant, under the scrutiny of the public eye. Under the watchful stare of the waiters, she finally sees herself as others do. â€Å"In a world which for once†¦was finally full of young men, unslaughtered, what was I doing with this man with thinning hair?† (150) Here the pieces fall into place, and the woman realizes that she is selfish in her pursuit of a marrie... Free Essays on Fay Weldon Free Essays on Fay Weldon Fay Weldon uses the setting of her story to teach a young woman a lesson in morality, and about life and love. This unnamed young woman narrates the story from the first person point of view, giving the reader a private glimpse into her inner struggle. I like how Weldon’s story is filled with irony, as the young woman seeks justification for an affair with a man who was, â€Å"supervising my thesis on varying concepts of morality and duty† (Weldon 147). As a married man, Peter is burdening her with the choice between her own morality and a struggle to be like her sister. The woman’s sister urges her to â€Å"just go for it, sister. If you can unhinge a marriage, it’s ripe for the unhinging, it would happen sooner or later, it might as well be you†. Weldon uses rain to bring Mrs. Piper into the story, though she is not present in Sarajevo. The young woman notes that every sidewalk is sheltered by â€Å"a shield of bobbing umbrellas†¦to keep the rain off the streets. Using the rain pouring down upon the main characters while the townsfolk remain sheltered, Weldon shows how exposed the two lovers are, and how Mrs. Piper, too, is affected by their actions. Peter complains that Princip’s footprints in the sidewalk are obscured by the rain, in much the same way that his lust for the young woman obscures the importance and pain of his wife. The inordinate affection that the young woman feels begins to wear off, starting a downpour, which is unstoppable until its inevitable conclusion. The rain continues to drive the storyline, forcing the woman and her lover to dine in a restaurant, under the scrutiny of the public eye. Under the watchful stare of the waiters, she finally sees herself as others do. â€Å"In a world which for once†¦was finally full of young men, unslaughtered, what was I doing with this man with thinning hair?† (150) Here the pieces fall into place, and the woman realizes that she is selfish in her pursuit of a marrie...

French Nasal Vowels for English Speakers

French Nasal Vowels for English Speakers When we speak of nasal vowels in French, we are referring to certain characteristically French vowel sounds that are produced by expelling air through the nose. All other French vowels sounds are pronounced mainly through the mouth, with no obstruction of the lips, tongue or throat. Nasal Vowels and Nasal Consonants Vowels followed by m or n, as in the words  un, on and an, are  nasal. Try to say them and youll see that air is expelled primarily through the nose, not the mouth. This doesnt hold  true, however, when the nasal consonants m or n are followed by another vowel. In this case, the vowel and consonant are both voiced. For example: un  Ã‚  Ã‚  nasalune  Ã‚  Ã‚  voiced There are also nasal vowels in English, but they are a bit different than French nasal vowels. In English, the nasal consonant (m or n) is pronounced and thus nasalizes the vowel that precedes it. In French, the vowel is nasal and the consonant is not pronounced. Compare the following: French  Ã‚  on  Ã‚  anEnglish  Ã‚  own  Ã‚  on French Vowels in General Overall, French vowels share a few characteristics:   Most French vowels are pronounced further forward in the mouth than their English counterparts.The tongue must remain tensed throughout the pronunciation of the vowel.French vowels do not form diphthongs, which is  a sound produced by the combination of two vowels in a single syllable, in which the sound begins as one vowel and moves toward another (as in  coin,  loud  and  side  ).  In English, vowels tend to be followed by a y sound (after a, e, i) or a w sound (after o, u). In French, this is not the case: The vowel sound remains constant; it does not change into a y or w sound. Thus, the French vowel has  a purer sound than the English vowel. In addition to nasal vowels, there are other categories of French vowels as well. Hard and Soft Vowels In French, a,  o, and  u  are known as hard vowels while e  and  i  are considered soft vowels, because of certain consonants (c,  g,  s) change pronunciation (hard or soft), in agreement with the vowel that follows them. If theyre followed by a soft vowel, these consonants become soft as well, as in manger and là ©ger. If theyre followed by a hard vowel, they, too, become hard, as in the name Guy. Vowels With Accent Marks Physical  accent  marks on letters, a required feature of French orthography,  can and often do change the pronunciation of vowels, as in the scores of French es with either accent  grave  (pronounced eh) or the acute accent  aigue (pronounced ay).

Small business in nigeria (management subject) Essay

Small business in nigeria (management subject) - Essay Example Entrepreneurs have a desire to be the master of themselves and have a high degree of commitment. Thus, instead of working for someone else, they choose to start up a small-business of their own. (Longnecker, Moore, Petty J. and Palich, 2005). When it comes to small-business, there is no set definition since different experts tend to define a small business differently. There are many factors through which small businesses are defined, including factors like size of the company, revenue, profits, operations, etc. The Bolton committee for instance has devised a definition of a small business called the economic definition. The economic definition is a more qualitative definition that emphasizes that a firm is called small when it has a relatively smaller chunk of the total market share of the industry, it is managed by owners in an informal and highly personalized environment and does not have a formal structure and that it is not a part of any large concern or a corporation and operates independently. (Corman, and Lussier, 2008). On the other hand, the European Commission defines a small business quantitatively. They coined a term Small & Medium Enterprise (SME) to refer to a small business. According to the European Commission, a business is a micro-enterprise if it has 0 to 9 employees, it is a small-enterprise if it has 10 to 99 employees and it is a medium-enterprise if it has 100 to 499 employees working under its umbrella. Organizations with employees 500 and above are hence called large-enterprises. Thus, a small business, in its true essence, is basically any firm that has a relatively smaller number of employed workers, has a small concern in the market, has a very informal organizational structure etc., however, at the end of the day, the exact measurement of any business as â€Å"small† is still a very vague concept and experts and analysts have thus been interpreting it differently according to the given situation and the circumstances.

The Aubrey-Maturin Series of Novels by Patrick O'Brian Article

The Aubrey-Maturin Series of Novels by Patrick O'Brian - Article Example The Aubrey-Maturin novels depict historical events took place during Napoleonic wars at the beginning of the 19th century. O'Brian does not follow a strict chronological order depicting events from 1801-1813, and 1813-1814. The uniqueness is that O'Brian vividly portrays cultural and religious settings and values of the epoch, its historical significance and social traditions. Two main characters, Jack Aubrey and Stephen Maturin may be compared in matters of general cultural background, including politics and religion, as well as in three key elements of natural philosophy: the anatomical emphasis on pre-adapted functional design, the treatment of extinction, and the belief in fixity rather than transformation. All of these topics help define Maturin's patterns of thinking as a naturalist and shed light on subtly significant moments within the novels. Maturin was educated among the philosophes of the French Enlightenment, but both men, Aubrey and Maturin, also maintained a political and religious conservatism that some people found incongruous (King, 2001). The Aubrey-Maturin novels carry out the paradoxical process of instruction found in the most interesting historical fiction: at the same time they make readers conversant with ideas, tropes, and habits of an earlier world, they also perform the noble literary work of defamiliarization. In creating a compelling vision of natural philosophy, O'Brian makes room for a lost paradigm that seems oddly fresh, for all its scientific antiquity. He revives a naturalist's dream of preternatural design that has become increasingly difficult to imagine. O'Brian portrays that Maturin and Aubrey came to detest what grew from the Revolution and turned away from its democratic principles (King, 2001). In The Wine-Dark Sea, when Maturin meets up with a French utopian named Dutourd, he initially tempers his criticism with some sympathy (Teachout, 2003). Dutourd seems to be "a good benevolent man" led astray by that "mumping villain Rousseau and later by his passionate belief in his own system, based it was true on a hatred of poverty, war and injustice, but also on the assumption that men were naturally and equally good, needing only a firm, friendly hand to set them on the right path, the path to the realization of their full potentialities. This, of course, entailed the abolition of the present order, which had so perverted them, and of the established churches" (O'Brian 2004, p. 32). O'brian's assessment reveals his lingering attraction to revolutionary promises, but, he values established religious and social order above the systems of ideologues. Nor does he believe in the natural equality of humans (King, 2001). As Adrian Desmond has shown, French and British radicals of the period saw a linkage between the atomistic materialism of biology; in which all forms of life developed from a common origin, and revolutionary political theories based on natural equality. Maturin reject both the natural and political philosophy of democratic atomism (Teachout, 2003). When asked by Dutourd what he thinks of democracy, Maturin replies that "he did not think the policy that put Socrates to death and that left Athens prostrate was the highest expression of human wisdom," and he cites Aristotle's "definition of democracy as mob-rule, the depraved version of a commonwealth" (O'Brian 2004, p.

Public and Private Sectors Essay Example for Free

Public and Private Sectors Essay * Public sector has an influence in tourism business. It is essential to outline the main policy instruments used by governments in order to manage tourism. * Public bodies influence tourism sector either directly, through organization with responsibility for tourism, which include: establishment of infrastructure, information services and creation of tourist attractions and facilities. Or, indirectly, through foreign policies and legal controls, the commercial sector of tourism industry can operate successfully, co-ordinating, promotional and regulatory role in tourism provision, and conservation of the physical and socio-cultural resources that attract tourists to destination. * Governments use demand and revenue management in order to influence demand in the industry by: marketing and promotion, information provision and network development, pricing, controlling access to the destination, safety and security. Supply and cost management are operated by environmental control, building regulations, market regulations, market research and planning, taxation, ownership, education and training and investment incentives. * Private Sector Improve the overall quality of products and services within the tourism industry (all tourism-related accommodation, restaurants, tour guides, tour operators, and other tourism-related service providers); raise the levels of demand nationally, regionally and internationally; promote competiveness within the industry; and, provide valuable and reliable information on quality standards for the tourist and the travel industry. * Provide intensive training to local communities/ private sector in various aspects of development and management of tourism businesses, and hospitality skills to provide them with better opportunities to seek employment in the tourism sector. * Comprehensive general and area-specific development guidelines for tourism zones with specific urban designing, land use planning and infrastructure planning.

Essay --

Title: Effectiveness of analgesia for pain management in patients with Sickle Cell Disease Introduction: Patient X was a 29-year-old male patient with Sickle Cell Disease (SCD). Aside from the complications associated with SCD such as opportunistic infections and vaso-occulsive episodes, which led to intense episodes of pain, he had no other co-morbidities. Patient X ran a family import business, which required frequent local and overseas travel. During the interview, Patient X repeatedly vocalized that the unpredictable onset and the manifestations of its symptoms was interfering with his quality of life in terms of economic cost (loss of business opportunities) and sleep. During acute episodes of pain, depending on its severity, Patient X would either contact his local GP for a prescription of painkillers or present himself at the Emergency Department (ED) to seek relief from his pain. SCD affects individuals with sub-Saharan African, Caribbean and Mediterranean ancestry. With a prevalence rate of more than 100,000 people in the United States alone and an incidence rate of 1 in 500 births among African-Americans, SCD is a major public health concern. (Givens et al. 2007, p. 239) Sickle Cell Pain (SCP) is a common feature in patients with SCD. It is characterised by episodes of severe pain. As pain management is primarily pharmaceutical in nature, the use of analgesia is of crucial importance in maintaining a patient’s quality of life. In SCP, the two major classes of analgesia used are non-steroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDS) and opioids. (See Table 1) First hand accounts from Patient X during interview in addition to a literature review which will be discussed later in this article highlights major psychosocial and medi... ... ED clinician attitudes, practice patterns as well as low addiction rates in this population should be highlighted to allow intervention. Following this, initiatives to improve ED management of acute sickle cell disease pain could promote more efficient ways to manage SCD pain, better dissemination of national guidelines, and efforts to improve negative physician attitudes toward SCD patients. Because of the complex nature of SCP, ideally there should be increased collaboration between front-line physicians such as the General practitioner and the Emergency Physician with subject matter specialists such as an Anaesthetist (to address acute and chronic pain management issues) and Haematologist (to treat the underlying pathophysiology of SCD). This multidisciplinary approach will not only to decrease adverse outcomes, but also increase the patient’s quality of life.

Allelopathic Effect of S. Macrophylla on the Growth of V. Radiata Seedlings

Allelopathic effect of S. macrophylla on the growth of V. radiata seedlings Thea Philea I. Mostralesa, Greeny Joy A. Perucho, Rhoshela Vi C. Rendon, John Gregor A. Rono, Emmerson P. Rullog, Riffcord R-Denz M. Tabula Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City (a Thea Philea I. Mostrales, e-mail: theaphilea. [email  protected] com) ABSTRACT Swietenia macrophylla, or commonly known as the mahogany tree in the Philippines, is an introduced species of the family Meliaceae that is commonly used for lumber and reforestation projects.However, based on studies, it is shown that the mahogany tree has inhibitory effects that affect adjacent growing plants. This is made possible chemically and is referred to generally as allelopathy. This study aimed to determine is S. macrophylla had any adverse effects to the growth of plants in close proximity to it. The researchers selected three mahogany trees and planted six plots of differeing distances with each plot containing ten monggo seedlings.The results obtained indicate that there is no significant difference between the growth of monggo seedlings growing near the mahogany tree to that of monggo seedling growing near the control tree based on the analysis done on the seedlings’ height, weight and survival rate. Results also indicate that distance of the seedlings from the S. macrophylla has no effect on the intensity of inhibition of the growth of the V. radiata.The results obtained can be attributed to factors that include the texture of soil, fine-textures soil having been proven to have a greater retention capacity of allelochemicals than coarse-textures soils. Also, allelopathic interactions include both promontory and inhibitory activities of phenolic allelochemicals and thus using seed germination as a bioassay parameter may be of little value. KEY WORDS: Swietenia macrophylla, allelopathy, growth of monggo seedlings, inhibitory effect of mahogany, introduced species INTRODUCTIONBACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY Swietenia macrophylla, commonly known in the Philippines as mahogany, is a member of the order Sapindales, under family Meliaceae. It is a large, fast-growing, semi-evergreen tree, popular for landscaping, especially in North American and Carribean countries, where it has a vulnerable status as provided by CITES (Oldfield 1995), and for its strong wood for lumber. This tree was first introduced in the Philippines as early as 1907, and 1913 as part of the Mt. Makiling forest.It is currently used in the Philippines as a lumber tree and utilized in many reforestation projects. However, studies have shown that however beneficial S. macrophylla may be to the Philippine economy and to its environment, it also displays adverse effects to the Philippine wildlife. As a recently introduced species, the said tree has been unable to produce a natural web of life around it; there are no natural consumers of mahogany in the country, an d as such, the area around the tree will not be populated by native fauna immediately.It is also suspected that mahogany leaves contain allelopathic compounds. In a study conducted by P. Thinley in 2002, it was shown that S. macrophylla leaves inhibited the growth of Pterocarpus indicus. Allelopathic compounds inhibit growth and development of other plants when introduced to them. Allelopathy is the production of a certain plant of such compounds and should not to be confused with competition, which may or may not involve allelopathy. Allelopathy is common in the plant kingdom, spread out in random fashion across orders.Some plants are deemed invasive due to their allelopathic nature and mahogany trees are not exempt. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The study aimed to determine if S. macrophylla can adversely affect the growth of plants in close proximity to it and specifically sought to answer the following questions: 1) Does mahogany affect the growth of newly planted seedlings based on the seedlings’ height and weight? 2) Is there a significant difference between the growth of seedlings within the proximity of the mahogany tree to that of seedlings within the proximity of a different tree? ) Is there a significant difference between the survival rate of the seedlings within the proximity of the mahogany to that of seedlings within the proximity of a different tree? HYPOTHESIS The mahogany tree has no effect on the growth of newly planted seedlings. SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The study aimed to determine the effect of the mahogany tree on the growth of monggo seedlings based solely on the seedlings’ weight and height after a specified amount of time.Other possible factors that might affect the growth of the seedlings like availability of sunlight, presence of possible predators and competition with other plants in the vicinity were not included and was not accounted for in the analysis of the data obtained. MATERIALS & METHODS The researchers used monggo (Vigna radiata) as the subject plant. A frequent model plant for laboratory work in Philippine schools, V. radiata is known to be easily grown, requires little maintenance and is fast-growing, which makes it ideal for an experiment limited to a few weeks.Monggo seeds were allowed to germinate by soaking the seeds overnight. Three mahogany trees located along Beta Way in the University of the Philippines Diliman Campus were chosen based on their proximity to other trees. Since competition with other flora could affect the results, it was made sure that the mahogany trees were at least three meters away from the other trees. They were marked as T1, T2 and T3. An acacia tree, Samanea saman, with similar conditions to the experimental trees, particularly to its proximity to other trees, was chosen as the control tree and was marked as T0.To standardize the direction of planting on each tree, angles of 200 east of north and 200 west of south were used to mark radii of 3m each on the north and south side of the tree, respectively. The plots were cleaned and cleared of grass and other flora. Each radius was divided equally into three segments on each segment 10 monggo seeds were planted with a 10cm-interval per seed. Seeds planted on the north side were labelled as N1, N2 and N3 for segments positioned 1m, 2m and 3m away from the tree respectively.The labelling system was used for the south segments. The seeds were uprooted on the 9th day. Seedlings from the same segment were grouped together. The heights of the seedlings were measured using a ruler from the apex of its leaves to the tip of the roots. To standardize the measurement of the height of the seedlings, the roots were cut off at the point where the taproot has become soft and fibrous. The seedlings were then weighed using a top-loading balance. The averages of the height and weight of each segment were then determined. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSwietenia macrophylla is known to have inhibitory effec ts that affect adjacent growing plants. This is made possible chemically and is referred to generally as allelopathy. â€Å"The term allelopathy was coined by Molisch in 1937 to refer to biochemical interactions between all types of plants, including microorganisms traditionally placed in the plant kingdom†(Waller 1987). It is defined by Rice (1984) as any direct or indirect beneficial or harmful effect of one plant, including microorganisms, on the other through release of chemicals to the environment.Phenolics, terpenoids, alkaloids, polyacetylenes, fatty acids, steroids and many other different secondary metabolites can act as allechemicals (Rice 1984; Waller 1987; Inderjit et al. 1995). â€Å"However, the mere presence of these chemicals does not establish allelopathy, to demonstrate their involvement in allelopathy, it is important to establish 1)their direct release or indirect origin from plant-derived materials in the environment and 2) that the chemicals are present in sufficient quantities and persist for a sufficient time in soil to affect plant species or microbes† (Putnam & Tang 1986).Allelopathy is different to competition; the latter defined as the removal or reduction of factors from the environment which are vital to survivability, by some other plant or microorganism sharing the same habitat. Allelopathic chemicals, or allelochemicals, are released by higher plants through several mechanisms. These are volatilization, exudation from roots, leaching from leaves or stem by rain,dew or fog, and from decomposition of residues that contain the allelochemicals. Low molecular weight allelochemicals such as those belonging to terpenes are dispersed by volatilization.Nonvolatile allelochemicals such as alkaloids accumulate on plant surface and find their way to the soil by being leached by rainwater. Allelochemicals secreted through root exudation are of several classes. Some are alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids, and many other types. Al lelochemicals not directly secreted by the plant, in which some pigments are an example, but reach the soil by being released through the decomposition of the plant part that contains them (Leicach et al 2009). In the S. acrophylla, allelochemicals are released by the decomposition of leaf litter. S. macrophylla leaves are a source of tannins, which is evident on the reddish brown color of the dry leaves. Tannins are phenolic compounds that also function as an allelochemical. In February, mature S. macrophyllatrees shed their leaves, which will start to decompose on the ground and consequently release tannins from the cells. Aqueous extracts from the leaves of the S. macrophylla has been shown to retard the growth of Pterocarpus indicuss eedlings (Thinley 2002). Several hydrolysable and condensed tannins were identified as growth and germination inhibitors in dry fruit, growth retarders of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in several plants, and as reducers of seedling growth in several plan ts† (Waller 1987). According to the data and the statistical analyses, the Swietenia macrophylla has no significant effect to the height, weight and survival rate of the Vigna radiate seedlings compared to height, weight and survival rate of the seedlings planted near the Samanea saman. The inhibitory effects exhibited by the S. acrophylla may have been too little or inconsistent to cause a significant change on the growth of the seedlings throughout the duration of the experiment. The compared values of the height, weight and survival rate of seedlings planted near the S. macrophyllaand S. saman are shown in table 1, table 2, and table 3 respectively. The effectiveness of allelochemicals produced by S. macrophylla may have been affected by certain factors. Tannins have been shown to be bound by the humic material I of the soil and presumably inactivated (Waller 1987).The texture of soil has been proved to affect the effectiveness of allelochemicals, favouring fine-textured th an coarse-textured soil, and evidence indicates that the greater retention capacity of fine-textured soils for at least some allelochemicals may be important in the accumulation of physiologically active concentrations of these chemicals (Waller 1987). This may have been the factor that reduced the effects of the allelochemicals involved in our experiment, owing to the beta way’s coarser soil composition. It is also proven that allelochemicals are decomposed in the soil, either abiotically or by microorganisms (Waller 1987).It is also observed that distance of the seedlings from the S. macrophylla has no effect on the intensity of inhibition of the growth of the V. radiata. The effect of distance to the height, weight and survival rate of the seedlings is seen in table 4, table 5 and table 6 respectively. This observation may have resulted from the mechanism in which the allelopathic tannins are dispersed. On the site of the study, the leaf litter covering the soil surroundin g the tree also covered to plots, which meant that the plots may have received variable amounts of allelochemicals as these leached when rains fell.The type of experimentation done was also a factor in investigating the inhibitory effects of allelochemicals. Authors argue whether seed germination is an efficient test in finding out allelopathic potential of phenolic compounds; seed germination is an important parameter for evaluating allelopathic potential of phenolic compounds (Rice, 1984; Waller, 1987), However, using seed germination as a bioassay parameter may be of little value (Stowe, 1979; Inderjit & Dakshini, 1995a). This is because allelopathic interactions include both promontory and inhibitory activities of phenolic allelochemicals.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The researchers would like to express their heartfelt gratitude to the following who contributed with the completion of this research: * First of all, to the Almighty God, to whom the researchers dedicate this research study. * To their families and friends who served as their inspirations and the source of very much needed support. * Ms. Lillian Jennifer Rodriguez, for her support and guidance and for lending us pink ribbons for our experiment. * Mr. James LaFrankie, for his contribution to the success of this research study. CONTRIBUTION OF INDIVIDUAL AUTHORSThea Philea Mostrales – Analysis of data, abstract of paper, SP proper Greeny Joy Perucho – Introduction and Methodology of paper, SP proper Rhoshela Vi Rendon – Analysis of data, tables, SP proper John Gregor Rono – Results and discussion of paper, SP proper Emmerson Rullog – Introduction and Methodology, SP proper Riffcord R-Denz Tabula – Results and discussion, SP proper REFERENCES Leicach, S. R. , Sampietro D. A. , Narwal, S. S. , â€Å"Allelochemicals: Role in Plant Environment Interaction†, Studium Press 2009 â€Å"Plant phenolics in allelopathy. † The Botanical Review. New York Botanical Garden. 996. HighBeam Research. 4 April 2013 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 4 April 2013 Thinley P. 2002. â€Å"Negative interaction between large leaf mahogany (*Swietenia macrophylla  King) and some indigenous tree secies in lowland forest of Mt. Makiling – allelopathy, a possible cause? †Ã‚  Unpublished B. S. Forestry Thesis, UPLB-CFNR. Waller, G. R. , â€Å"Allelochemicals: Role in Agriculture and Forestry†, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. 1987 TABLES Table 1. Independent Samples T-test of the Height of Monggo Plants at 0. 05 significance level | Levene's Test for Equality of Variances| t-test for Equality of Means| | F| Sig. | t| df| Sig. (2-tailed)| Mean Difference| Std. Error Difference| 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference| | | | | | | | | Lower| Upper| height| Equal variances assumed| . 167| . 704| . 737| 4| . 502| 1. 000428290| 1. 357522153| -2. 768657 448| 4. 769514028| | Equal variances not assumed| | | . 737| 3. 900| . 503| 1. 000428290| 1. 357522153| -2. 807242567| 4. 808099147| Table 2.Independent Samples T-test of the Weight of Monggo Plants at 0. 05 significance level | Levene's Test for Equality of Variances| t-test for Equality of Means| | F| Sig. | t| df| Sig. (2-tailed)| Mean Difference| Std. Error Difference| 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference| | | | | | | | | Lower| Upper| weight| Equal variances assumed| . 344| . 589| -. 445| 4| . 679| -. 006665782| . 014968143| -. 048224010| . 034892446| | Equal variances not assumed| | | -. 445| 3. 819| . 680| -. 006665782| . 014968143| -. 049013784| . 035682220| Table 3. Independent Samples T-test of the Survival Rate of Monggo Plants at 0. 5 significance level | Levene's Test for Equality of Variances| t-test for Equality of Means| | F| Sig. | t| df| Sig. (2-tailed)| Mean Difference| Std. Error Difference| 95% Confidence Interval of the Difference| | | | | | | | | Lower| U pper| weight| Equal variances assumed| . 344| . 589| -. 445| 4| . 679| -. 006665782| . 014968143| -. 048224010| . 034892446| | Equal variances not assumed| | | -. 445| 3. 819| . 680| -. 006665782| . 014968143| -. 049013784| . 035682220| Table 4. ANOVA of the Height of Monggo Plants at 0. 05 significance level | Sum of Squares| df| Mean Square| F| Sig. | Between Groups| 14. 889| 2| 7. 44| 4. 598| . 062*| Within Groups| 9. 715| 6| 1. 619| | | Total| 24. 604| 8| | | | *no significant difference Table 5. ANOVA of the Weight of Monggo Plants at 0. 05 significance level | Sum of Squares| df| Mean Square| F| Sig. | Between Groups| . 003| 2| . 001| 1. 960| . 221*| Within Groups| . 005| 6| . 001| | | Total| . 008| 8| | | | *no significant difference Table 6. ANOVA of the Survival Rate of Monggo Plants at 0. 05 significance level | Sum of Squares| df| Mean Square| F| Sig. | Between Groups| . 011| 2| . 005| . 487| . 637*| Within Groups| . 065| 6| . 011| | | Total| . 076| 8| | | | *no significa nt differenceTable 7. Average Height, Weight, and Survival Rate of Monggo Plants Tree| Distance from tree (m)| Height (cm)| Weight (g)| Survival Rate| T0| 1| 16. 67| 0. 2361| 0. 9| | 2| 15. 49| 0. 2347| 0. 95| | 3| 13. 15| 0. 2074| 0. 95| T1| 1| 16. 21| 0. 2255| 1. 0| | 2| 17. 02| 0. 2567| 0. 75| | 3| 16. 73| 0. 2380| 0. 75| T2| 1| 13. 00| 0. 1688| 0. 8| | 2| 18. 99| 0. 2553| 0. 85| | 3| 16. 55| 0. 2340| 1. 0| T3| 1| 14. 22| 0. 1884| 0. 95| | 2| 16. 86| 0. 1928| 0. 9| | 3| 15. 07| 0. 2183| 0. 9| T0 = controlled tree: S. saman T1 = 1st replicate of S. macrophylla T2 =2nd replicate of S. macrophylla T3 = 3rd replicate of S. macrophylla

History of Bareilly Essay

The region has, also, acted as a mint for a major part of its history. From archaeological point of view the district of Bareilly is very rich. The extensive remains of Ahichhatra, the Capital town of Northern Panchala have been discovered near Ramnagar village of Aonla Tehsil in the district. It was during the first excavations at Ahichhatra (1940–44) that the painted grey ware, associated with the advent of the Aryans in Ganga Yamuna Valley, was recognised for the first time in the earliest levels of the site. Nearly five thousand coins belonging to periods earlier than that of Guptas have been yielded from Ahichhatra. It has also been one of the richest sites in India from the point of view of the total yield of terracotta. Some of the masterpieces of Indian terracotta art are from Ahichhatra. In fact the classification made of the terracotta human figurines from Ahichhatra on grounds of style and to some extent stratigraphy became a model for determining the stratigraphy of subsequent excavations at other sites in the Ganga Valley. On the basis of the existing material, the archaeology of the region helps us to get an idea of the cultural sequence from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC up to the 11th c. AD. Some ancient mounds in the district have also been discovered by the Deptt. of Ancient History and culture, Rohilkhand University, at Tihar-Khera (Fatehganj West), Pachaumi, Rahtuia, Kadarganj and Sainthal. [2]

The Zodiac Killer Story Literature Essay

The Zodiac Killer Story Literature Essay The Zodiac Killer Story Literature Essay Sample The Zodiac Killer Story Literature Essay Sample Stories about serial killers have always stirred the blood of the readers; very often policemen were able to catch the killers, but sometimes the murderers managed to evade the legal retribution. Zodiac was one of the most famous uncaught killers. This maniac is memorable for a series of mocking letters to the local press accompanied with mysterious coded messages. Usually, a standard maniac face is an explicit notorious sociopath with a moral trauma received in childhood. This cruel killer chose a nickname â€Å"Zodiac†; he mentioned it in a series of mocking letters sent to the local newspapers. The cryptograms, which, according to Zodiac, revealed his identity, were applied to the letters. There were four cryptograms in total, and the police managed to decipher only one. For nearly 25 years he held at bay the entire San Francisco, and for over 37 years the Zodiac Killer escaped prosecution from law enforcement due to a combination of factors (Farmer, 2007, p.29). This paper will analyze the behavior of a cruel killer Zodiac and describe his murders. The date of Zodiac’s birthday is unknown, so his story begins from the date of the first murder 20 December 1968. Butterfield (2012) relates that that day, late in the evening college students – a 16-year-old Betty Lou Jensen and a 17-year-old David Faraday were on their first date in the car on a small parking lot on the edge of the highway in the vicinity of the lake near the town of Vallejo (CA). There they were caught by death, which came in the form of a man with a gun. David died in a cabin by a single bullet, Betty managed to jump out of the car and tried to run away – her body stricken with 5 bullets was found in more than 10 meters from the car. The traces of sexual violence were absent. The bodies were found a few minutes after the murder, but policemen were unable to detain the murderer, who escaped in his car. Six months later, in July 1969, another murder was committed. Darlene Ferrin and Michael Mageau parked their car when someone came up to the v ehicle. A man came out, shined his flashlight, and shot them both. Then he got into his car and drove away. Ferrin died, but Mageau survived and was able to tell about it. The very next day, a man called the police and said that he was a murderer. September 27, 1969, the students Bryan Hartnell and Cecelia Shepard spent time at a picnic by the Berryessa Lake. A man in a hood and black glasses approached them. He identified himself as an escaped convict and, threatening with a pistol, forced Cecilia to tie Bryan. Later he tied Cecilia, took out a knife and inflicted many knife wounds to the couple. Soon, he called the police himself to tell about crime with ridicule. Shepard died of her injuries, but Hartnell survived (Butterfield, 2012). In October 11, 1969 a taxi driver Paul Stine was killed in his car by the passenger; Zodiac cleaned all his traces by a piece of the victim’s shirt (Butterfield, 2012). Three teenagers saw him and made up a description of the killer, but he was never caught. On the night of March 22, 1970, being seven months pregnant, Kathleen Johns with her little daughter was driving to her mother in Modesto. The driver behind her stopped and signaled. The man told her that something had gone wrong with the car and offered his help. Kathleen and her daughter got into the car. The man drove more than hour without stopping; then he said he was going to kill them. At an intersection, Kathleen and her daughter jumped out of the car and hid in a field. The man tried to find them but then he gave up and drove away. Jones got to the police and confirmed that they were kidnapped by a man who looked like a sketch, drawn on the description of the murderer by Paul Stein. Speaking to the authorities with the help of reporters, Zodiac taunted police in inaction in his letters and ciphers. In total, the editors of various newspapers in California received about 20 letters and postcards from Zodiac. When investigating cases like the Zodiac Killer case, it is important to stick to the evidence derived from what the serial killer provided publicly to the police and the newspapers. The longer that a case such as this goes unsolved, the more theories about the case are heaped upon older theories to eventually create a zone of silence away from the truth (p.29). The investigation of Zodiac’s figure continued for many years. Zodiac disappeared for a while and reappeared after some years. Sometimes, the police began to doubt that it was Zodiac who committed the murder, not some imitator. Policemen put forward different versions and found more and more suspects. It makes no sense to analyze each of them, but some versions were unique and worth mentioning. According to one version, Zodiac was not one person, but an organized gang in which different people killed. Actually, this version had only one advantage – it compensated the deficiencies of the version of one killer, whose track could not be found. According to another version Zodiac did not stop his activities, and retrained into the murderer of Santa Rosa (a town in California), who killed 14 girls in the years 1972-1975 and also stayed uncaught. Now only enthusiasts were involved in the searches. They exchanged information and versions on their website and even filmed a documentary Hunting the Zodiac dedicated to their searches. The exact number of victims of Zodiac is unknown. In his letters, he took the blame for seven murders. Another thirty killings are similar to his crimes by handwriting†, but there is no evidence that they were committed by Zodiac, not imitators. The most famous serial killers of America are the subject of a mass cult, along with Hollywood actors or singers. One of the creators of the American pop culture, Andy Warhol once said that everyone can get their 15 minutes of fame. So, why they cannot be provided for a mass murderer? Autographs, biographies, invariably becoming bestsellers, documentari es and feature films, TV shows, interviews rating – all these made people like Charles Manson, Ted Bundy or Jeffrey Damner no less recognizable personalities than Mick Jagger and Bob Dylan. Zodiac was the first killer who received from the hands of newsmen his 15 minutes of fame and stubbornly refused to give them back. Encrypted messages of the psychopath looked at the reader from the front pages of all major newspapers; the maniac infected with his madness through the streams of respected radio stations. Of course, all that should be attributed not only to Zodiac but also to the people he killed. Newspaper circulations and ratings rose skywards steadily. The case of Zodiac was the first such case in the United States when the killer surrounded himself with glory. He committed a crime and wrote about it in the newspapers, trying to intimidate the entire community. However, he seemed to transform into a comic book anti-hero: he wore masks, invented a name for himself, sent encrypted messages, and called the police after murders. He behaved very confidently as if he had not fear of punishment. However, the police and journalists undervalued him. Zodiac tried to create an image of an unbalanced psychopath. He said that he liked killing people because it is funny. This is funnier than killing wild animals in the forest because the man is the most dangerous animal. He tossed evidence to police (for example, a glove in a taxi). Also, he threatened to shoot children, sent drawings of bombs, deliberately left witnesses alive in order to make fun of policemen. In his letters, he liked to count the victims. Zodiac â€Å"helped† police in their searches, knowing that they would not reach him. The matter was further complicated by the fact that real crazies called the hotline, calling themselves Zodiac. The following features are specific to the attacks committed by Zodiac: the victims were young people; very often they were couples; the attacks occurred on weekends or public holidays; the criminal acted in the dark or in twilight; robbery or sexual underlying reason did not motivate the crimes; the killer used a variety of weapons; the offender tended to claim the crimes were committed by him; the victim was in the car or near it; and finally all the crimes were committed by the water or objects whose names are associated with water. Without any exaggeration Zodiac can be called Jack the Ripper of the 20th century – it is the most famous uncaught serial killer of the past century. Five dead and two injured victims belong to his credit. Zodiac is the mythical and monumental figure that demands an exclusive approach. His personality causes interest to criminologists and fans; they create versions and produce books trying to understand his secrets. Zodiac committed each murder with a new type of weapon. He wrote 26 letters to the police and the San Francisco Chronicle editorial. The most amazing thing is that so far no one managed to prove conclusively that all the murders are attributed to Zodiac and the letters and speeches on the radio were the acts of one and the same person.

Italian Indefinite Articles - Articoli Indeterminativi

Italian Indefinite Articles - Articoli Indeterminativi The Italian indefinite article (larticolo indeterminativo) corresponds to English  a/an  and is used with singular nouns. It also corresponds to the number  one. INDEFINITE ARTICLES MASCHILE FEMMINILE uno zio (uncle) una zia (aunt) un cugino (cousin, m.) una cugina (cousin, f.) un amico (friend, m.) unamica (friend, f.) Uno  is used for masculine words beginning with  z  or  s  Ã‚  consonant;  un  is used for all other masculine words.  Una  is used for feminine words beginning with a consonant;  un’  is used for feminine words beginning with a vowel. un treno e una biciclettaun aeroplano e un’automobileuno stadio e una stazione How to Use Italian Indefinite Articles​ In Italian, an article is the variable part of  discourse  that appears before the  noun  to specify the gender and number of the noun. An  adjective  can be placed between the article and noun: Il  viaggio  in Turchia à ¨Ã‚  una  buona  idea per  le  prossime  vacanze.The trip to Turkey is a good idea for your next vacation. È  stato  un  viaggio  molto  interessante.It was a very interesting trip. I  ragazzi si alzino in piedi,  le  ragazze restino sedute.The boys stand up, the girls remain seated. Lo  sport à ¨Ã‚  unattivit salutare per  gli  adolescenti.Sport is a healthy pursuit for teenagers. NOTE: The article gives value to the noun and any other part of speech it precedes: Il  mangiar  troppo  non  giova  alla  salute.Overeating is not conducive to ones health. Lo strano  della storia à ¨ che nessuno udà ¬ lo sparo.The odd part of the story is that no one heard the shot. Bene,  il pià ¹Ã‚  Ãƒ ¨Ã‚  fatto!Well, the job is done! In Italian, an article can either be a  definite article  (articolo determinativo), an indefinite article (articolo indeterminativo), or a  partitive article  (articolo partitivo). Indefinite ArticleIn Italian, the indefinite article is placed before the noun to indicate a generic, uncountable noun. It is also used before the names of professions as well as with common names or surnames to indicate a work of art. In English, indefinite articles correspond to the terms a and an. It has the following forms: MASCULINE (singular):  un,  unoFEMININE (singular):  una,  un un  is  used before a masculine noun that starts with a vowel or consonant: un  amicoa friend un  giornoone day un  tavoloa table NOTE:  un  is  never followed by an apostrophe. uno  pressed a word that starts with:  »Ã‚  s  impura  (s   consonant) uno  scontrinoa receipt uno  specchioa mirror uno  svagoa diversion  »Ã‚  y  semiconsonantica  (semivowel y) uno  yogurta yogurt uno  yachta yacht  »Ã‚  gn,  ps,  x, and  z uno  gnomoa gnome uno  psicologoa psychologist uno  xenofoboa xenophobic uno  zainoa backpack una  is used before a feminine word that begins with a consonant: una  madrea mother una  ziaan aunt un  is used before a feminine word that begins with a vowel: unautomobilea car unamicaa friend NOTE: The indefinite article has no plural form; however it can be implied:  »Ã‚  by omitting the article: Leggo  giornali.I am reading newspapers. Mangio pere e mele.I am eating pears and apples.  »Ã‚  with the partitive article, with the suggestion of  qualche,  alcuni, or  un  po di: Prendo caffà ¨ e  dei  biscotti.Im having coffee and biscuits. Vorrei  comprare  dei  libri.I would like to buy books.

Maria Full of Grace by Joshua Marston Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Maria Full of Grace by Joshua Marston - Essay Example Convinced that the job is easy and with great rewards, Maria flies to the USA with approximately sixty-tow pellets of cocaine that she swallowed, in her stomach. Nonetheless, not all the plans seemed to work as scheduled. Maria lands herself in a dangerous and deadly world where those who smuggle drugs face serious penalties including imprisonment or death sentence. Maria falls into the trap of Franklin who introduced her to the smuggling of cocaine. However, Franklin does not tell her directly regarding the smuggling of cocaine but, rather, gives her a business proposition involving traveling from one place to another. The traveling offered by Franklin is meant to give Maria some extra money to help catering for her family that has been depending on the meager salary obtained from the flower garden. Nevertheless, the traveling involved smuggling of drugs from one place to another in order to obtain the rewards promised by Franklin (Snyder 58). The fact that Maria gets pregnant from a man (Juan) she does not love compounds her problems. Even though she uses her pregnancy to avoid being X-rayed in a bid to finding out whether she is a drug mule following her suspicious movement, other mules find themselves in trouble, and this makes Maria escapes with Blanca. In the process, the traffickers kill Lucy as they open her up to retrieve the drug pellets (Snyder 89). When Maria and Blanca go to Lucy’s sister house to live there, they do inform her of Lucy’s death. Narrative Structure In a bid to pass his message, Joshua Marston creates a tension-filled drama of a woman who goes into smuggling of drugs due to poverty. The young energetic woman does all she can to pull herself out of the doldrums of poverty whilst also ensuring that every member of the family receives all the basic needs. Joshua Marston’s film does not spare the viewers of the frightening scenes and dimensions of being a drug mule. Such frightening scenes include swallowing of the 6 2 cocaine pellets, explosion of cocaine pellet in one of the co-workers leading to her death, as well as pressures from both drug dealers in the US and customs officers. In addition, the film director attempts to narrate the same ideas through bringing in death, dangers, betrayal, and violence that are common in societies (Snyder). Through Maria, Joshua Marston brings out the idea of courage and determination that every individual should possess. There is no doubt that Joshua displays a humanistic picture of a young woman’s solitary life that is ready to accomplish her mission, irrespective of the method applicable. According to her, the result justifies the means, contrary to the usual moral way of the society where the means should justify the result. The author narrates about such a life within the looming shadows of economic and cultural crises, with special reference to the United States of America. It is undeniable that a strong political statement is applicable in narr ating the whole story in which there is the creation of a universal plight of the main characters through bringing together the personal, social, and political aspects of the whole scenario. At the end, the film director dramatizes connections, as well as contradictions existing between political realities in the

Practice Problems for Elasticity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Practice Problems for Elasticity - Essay Example Price elasticity is always negative for complements. Forth and last, income, a change in income causes a shift in demand. Income elasticity f demand is calculated as the percent change in demand divided by the percent change in income. This change determines the magnitude f the shift. Demand can increase or decrease with the increase or decrease in income. Along any straight-line demand curve, elasticity decreases from infinity to zero. In the range f the demand curve where elasticity is more than one, decreasing price increases revenue. In the rage where elasticity is less than one, however, decreasing price decreases revenue. My service selection is Pet Day Care and I have found it to price elastic...meaning that there are several substitutes. Low-end services like dog walking are good substitutes for drop-off pet day care centers. A fall in the price for someone to come to your home and let your dog out or walk or dog may likely decrease the demand for you take your pet to an "All-Day" daycare facility. The lower price f the "In-Home" service induces consumers to purchases these services versus those f a drop-off or "All-Day" facility. The cross-price elasticity f Pet Day Care with respect to drop-off or in-home service determines the magnitude f shift in the demand curve. Lowering the price f drop-off service would likely increase demand and revenue. Immediate substitutes or replacements f... Where as a walking service averages about $25 per week for 2 ten-minute daily walks Monday through Friday and in home services averaging $25 - $30 per day. Price adjustments have increased demand in the drop-off sector as having space resources readily available i.e. -warehouse space or open land have become increasingly available and by market standards, very cheap to acquire and maintain. This project was able to focus on the market structure f a Pet Day Care service. Each division represents a different market structure. I learned about perfect competition part day care, full day care, and in home pet day care. The changes depended on the type f pet care the pet owner went with. It was interesting to see how the changes and decisions that are made in the different types f care can affect the results f the prices and the cost/profits for the service. Microeconomics Price Elasticity f Demand 1.) If the price elasticity f demand for heroin is estimated to be about 0.4 this means that the demand is mostly inelastic because the elasticity demand is less than one. Being mostly inelastic means a percent change in price leads to a less than proportional percent change in quantity demanded. So if there is a 10% increase in price, it will lead to a 4% decrease in quantity demanded. 2.) If the price f heroin increases, given its inelastic demand, the suppliers' income will increase. This is proved to be true because mostly inelastic demand and total revenue are directly related. When the price is raised on heroin the percentage changed f quantity demanded is less than the percentage changed for the price in turn raising the total revenue f the heroin dealers. This policy has

The Usefulness of Marketing for Media and Entertainment Companies such Essay - 1

The Usefulness of Marketing for Media and Entertainment Companies such as Disney - Essay Example Strong brand imaging is important to engross higher customer equity. If taking the example of Disney, they are customer focused but their prices are not comparatively lower. Currently they are more conscientious about penetrating their existing market e.g., selling more to the prevailing consumers, continual expansion in marketing efforts to promote brands and improving the product quality to gain higher customer satisfaction by attaining expectations of customers. Their current marketing strategy can be analyzed as a â€Å"Brave† stroke of strategic mix. This entailed after observing the tremendous success of the movie â€Å"Brave† which performed terrifically on the box office as 13th top of the list movie consecutively yielding $66.7 Million. The analysts had topped up that Brave will barely be able to earn its cost on box office but its success made them to think about the Disney’s marketing strategies (Hughes, 2014). After examining the strategies of the Walt Disney and Time Warner, it has been concluded that customer affiliation is most important. Walt Disney has pointed on the right stroke by exploiting the exact opportunistic approach for example the strategic partners such as, McDonald. The characters embossment of Time Warner is reported as higher according to Gallup among the young generation yet the success rate of Disney is more than Time Warner (Gilchrist, 2013). The Dream works media entertainment also possesses a sustainable position in the industry but the character embossment and impact is not comparable because of strategic partnership and marketing practices (Hughes, 2014). Another important distinguishable feature of Disney’s marketing practice is the use of CSM (Corporate Social Marketing) (Robbins, 2014). Marketing is however important in this industry because all they have to disseminate and sell is the entertainment. It

Business Analysis and Strategies of Dell

Business Analysis and Strategies of Dell Introduction The significance of information technology has in recent times arriving a great deal of growing concentration crossways the industry worldwide. Strategies for continuous development means that in many areas in the industry has been expanding with major companies, such as Michael Dell, Microsoft and HP and Acer, to become the main support for the IT industry, The relationship between business and IS strategy of critical importance, gives a sense of direction, and provide support to the organization by as long as options that be able to followed. The close relationship between business strategy and IS important because the ability IS to help achieve the objectives of the company by helping to reduce the problems that might be encountered in executing its plans, which means that the company is able to develop the right plans in the process in a timely manner. This report will be the focus of the leading information technology company Michael Dell (DELL). The company Michael Dell, commonly known as the Dell, and started work 25 years ago at the University of Texas at Austin, United States. It now has a presence in all parts of the world and is one of the leading companies in the world dealing through information technology. DELL adapt its work to a new area in IS / IT infrastructure and developed a solid reputation and strong identity. At the outset of this report will give an analysis of the companys activities and business strategies to help to assess the results of its operations through the use of internal analysis (SWOT), assessment of the value-added chain and other factors critical to success. This will enable recommendations to be made in order to support and improve Dells business success. DELL Information It is useful to give information on the background of Dell, its vision and mission, as well as the organizations structure and culture in order to give a comprehensive Image of the company and that is the way of progress. Company background: Dell was founded in 1984 by Michael dell who studied at the university of Texas at Austen, Michael dell founded the company in the name PC limited with a capital $1000, the first companys selling computers compatible with IBM . Michael dell started to belief that trade regulations when selling personal computers directly to users, the company will achieve greater understanding of the requirements of customers and provide them with more efficient computer products to meet those requirements. during this time Michael dell to leave the study in university to his new job, especially after winning the expansion of capital value of $300.000 from his family (DELL 2009). In 1985 the company produced the first computers of its own design, dubbed Turbo PC, which sold at $ 795 million. The design contains a processor compatible with Intel 8088 running at 8 MHzs The company has to announce this product in the national computer magazines for sale directly to customers, The compilation of each computer specifically by the customer options, Giving buyers prices lower than those of commercial companies, but with greater efficiency of an assembly of those components themselves. Although Of the fact that a company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“PCs limitedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is not the first company to adopt the method of this work, but it has become one of the first companies that have succeeded in this manner. Dell Company collected more than U.S. $ 73 million total dividend during its first year. Dell revenue totalled $61.133 billion for the fiscal year ended February 2008, having previously been $7.420 billion during the fiscal year ended February 2007, an rise of 6.5% on 2007 during the fiscal year 2008 the company had profit $3.440 million, an rise 12.1% on 2007, with the net profit of $2.947 million in 2008, an rise of 14.1% on 2007. Michael dell company (DELL) provides technologies and services, aboard range offering of product, including desktop PC, storage, networking products and servers, mobility products, software and peripherals .the Company mainly based in the USA and about 2008 it was employing 82.700 people (DELL 2009). DELL vision statement Dell vision is quite focused about what customer needs to be somewhat homogenous throughout the world. Have been used management to translate the vision into a successful enterprise innovative and sustainable. Dell provides quality products and latest technology to cater the needs of the customers and suppliers and to build best relationship with them (DELL 2009). DELL mission statement Mission of Dell known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“THE SOUL OF DELLà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? for the good value and obligation as well as, Direct Relationships, Customers improve loyal by great value, The Dell Team with teamwork and the opportunity anyone need to learn and develop and the Global Citizenship sharing responsibly into global marketplace. Dells mission is to meet the expectations of its customers and how to dealing business with them by phone and internet one on one for: The highest class of quality. A pioneer in the field of technology. Competitive pricing. Accountability of individuals and companies. The best in level service and supporting. The ability of flexible customization (DELL 2009). DELL organisational structure The structure of Dells organization on the basis of on the number of divisions, from the factory to High Command is very slight hierarchy to slow down a decision making process. The important points arise from organization Structure of the organization be relatively permanent and is designed to facilitate the achievement of something, This means that sometimes changes, what can be achieved change, or changes in the structure has come for senior management to change its views on the mainly agreeable structure to achieve specific results. The formal structure of the organization, which select to organization, and senior management, by inference, and this is to consider the question of choice. Structure of the division organization of component part to determine what these roles will play in achieving the goals and specific results for the whole organization. The structure of organization also provides for monitor and coordination of all parts to realization these goals (Derek Rollinson 2002). Employees are encouraged to pursue the most successful ways to complete their jobs and are permitted to implement these new efficiencies without prior approval by upper management. This open-communication has made junior employees realize their ideas are welcome and respected. Once proven to be successful, it is not unusual for these notions to be implemented in all part of organization. According a business Magazine published online in 2001 Michael Dell has been awarded CEO (Chiefexecutive 2009). Dells organizational structure is an essential part of the companys success. Small hierarchy exists inside the company. From the industrial unit to the management office, communication is emphasized and all staff is empowered to make decisions to get better job and big business performance. Top management support is not required for the completion of new ideas. Dells business flat structure is probable to enable the company to stay at the top of industry. Worker empowerment facilitates development innovation one of the most important spirited characteristics of growing industries. Likewise, Dells fast, reliable and receptive business replica enables it to execute its direct sales model more effectively than any other company in the industry. As well as Dell expands interested in rising markets, however, the corporation will have to adapt its organizational structure to increasing global environments. Dell will need to keep focus on its place in the manufacturing goods differentiator, bringing superior value to clients. DELL organisational culture organizational culture espoused by individuals in organizations have a strong influence and direct their behaviours and performance of their activities and their supervisors and their subordinates, colleagues and dealers with them, and reflect these values and beliefs, the degree of coherence and integration among the members of the organization as an internal control system when the bells ring out behaviours limits drawn to the human eye, therefore, these values reflect the organizations ability to create core values can move around all the efforts at all levels of the organization. Component values between several different of culture definition , which represents a common denominator and that these values refer to the attitudes, beliefs and ideas in a particular organization and reach these values to the individuals are obliged by social relations and continuous interaction among them, management will contribute greatly to instil the values espoused by the members when the organization adopts certain values such as to obey the laws and regulations and attention customers and improve efficiency, the organization expects of its members to adopt these values and reflect on their behaviour. Values and organizational culture play an important role in maintaining the identity of the organization and support its presence and influence in the activities of their employees, so managers are keen to develop and adopt organizational values to achieve the objectives of the organizations. However Cultural change is neither easy nor assured .It can take a long time and it takes effort and vigilance. (Philip E. Atkinson 1997) Dell maintained its culture through honesty and open communication. Tell Dell surveys into encourage rank and file employees anonymous evaluation of managers and senior leaders. The company believes that this kind of honesty help to bring change and accountability. Previous assessments have brought improvements in work-life balance, and common goals, classifications and job satisfaction. Dell, the winner of culture and diversity initiatives to create a comprehensive environment for companies on the basis of merit and personal competence and the achievement of equal access to all available opportunities, leading to employee satisfaction with the choice of employees to stay with Dell because of the significant benefits offered by the company, and the company aims to enable workers to maximize its contribution to the company while also maintaining effectiveness between their work and personal lives, as well as sponsors in the community of networks formed by groups of staff that help promote a more inclusive work environment, and improve communication between employees and enhance understanding by all staff about the value of diversity. Dale is described as a culture of meritocracy, which rewards those employees who are working hard to achieve organizational goals. Dell is also promoting a culture of learning within the organization, where each employee is expected to be committed to the promotion of consciousness of the company and work to achieve those objectives, and be on the other hand, Dell is committed to staff development, and help employees achieve personal and professional through the professional management (DELL 2009). Focus on internal efforts in Dell on cultivating and promoting best practices among those working in the areas of policy development, training and employment, direction and development and advancement and culture change, Dell strives to develop and participate fully, and retain talent on a high performance and flexibility in the invitation, in the workplace to enable staff and managers to hold discussions on the needs of every business and every employee in the individual work / life effectiveness of objectives, and then to build an implementation plan for each priority. Council and management of Dell are expected to bring integrity to the management and operation of the company and each and every one of the managers and senior management should be an example where trust, integrity, respect and responsibility of Management. Business and IS/IT strategies IS strategy is the long-term orientation, business-led and demand orientated .At the same time, IS strategy concerned either to support current strategy of business or develop a new strategy for IT choices, the responsibility of IS strategy fall within the range of senior management. IT strategy is described as the basis of the activity. Supply which focuses on technology and demand. It is also for the delivery of IT a practical solution to business problems. IT strategy is not only for the vision that senior managers adopt on IS planning long-term, but instead from the practical application of IT for business. The effective information management strategic can make in enable the institutions to work more competitive and flexible in the global environment and current developments in IS/IT impacting organizations to change the basics elements for prosperity strategic change management. On the other hand the introduction of IS / IT of manufacturing into the business sector, has led to significant improvement, for example in the automotive industry, where most of its processes controlled by the machines, and have the IT / IS computer operating system. IS/IT plays an important and very useful element in the growth of products at various stages, during all the product stages, with manufacturing industries by using computer-aided design to develop the design of product. (Currie.W 1995) You can also use the IT/IS to support the activities of value chain in order to gain a competitive benefit. Making it easier for suppliers to be close the system, improve services, cost savings and accelerate the delivery time while Value added by IT/IS for value chain makes the operations activities faster a result a rapid response to customer requirements and demands. It can also using the added value for the improvement and achieved about the sales activity to provide the competitiveness of the company with its competitors. Dells devised operating framework to guide them the strategic decisions making and manage, dependent for the elements below targeted growth, operational efficiency and capital strategy. Targeted Growth: The company has concentrated on the analysis of the growth opportunities in the future, to consider the customer segments, geography and business groups, but in order to obtain these opportunities, they continue to produce developments to become to the market effectively. Dell believes that if it builds an excellent technology with direct sell, then clients will want to buy this technology, except it must be effective in selling their technologies as it is an image in the first place. So far, it had conducted a long-term analysis of its sales strength; Making sure that they have a sufficient number of appropriate skills and experience with account managers, and the correct management of the accounts in the correct places, and in its target with the opportunities available for development. In this method, this aims to get better results of sales, while declining costs in the sale off. In order to make the service provided to their clients and clear and accountable, Dell has made several new programs; therefore the development of new incentive schemes in the process to achieve greater growth and profits for both Dell and its partners. The company will be the potential for growth can be achieved only by gaining customer loyalty and customer respect the outcome of positive experiences. There must be better coordination of sales and marketing with targeted investment if the company is to increase growth and achieve an improved return on investment in those regions where it is seeking to create more demand, it also a need to interact with customers in those regions where the clients spend a lot of time on the website. Operational Efficiency: Side by side with their search of growth, the company has purposed to get better efficiency and raise the speed and effectiveness in the field of marketing. To this conclusion the structure of companys dell rationalized and managerial matrices have been decreased and nearly three layers of top management have been disconnected, therefore the integration of its global processes with business groups to achieve greater accountability, competence and speed. The completion of the restructuring of large and led to a reduction in costs and benefits in terms of the full cost of this will be seen through the fiscal year. Capital Strategy: The company dell has made significant growth in reducing the total costs that are given the opportunity to invest further capital in the growth and even add to market share. Dell has required to achieve four key benefits of its business, firstly to lower costs, plus increase its capacity at the same time, to manage their business and meet the needs of its customers extra efficiently through access to improved information, it will also seek to improve control over the infrastructure for decrease business risk finally, In order to achieve all of this using Dell technology. Dell will be a wide publicity advertisement to its customers all over the world this way with its own IT. Dell is composed of people who have committed to work well in every day and, therefore, in order to achieve progress, the company invests heavily in developing the skills of its staff. To enable staff to develop performance and competencies with the development of their innovation by giving them this authority, the company also provides comprehensive programs to give opportunities to employees to improve and develop their performance, and in this line ensures the company to increase its competitive advantage, the companys success derives from the success of its managers and employees. The Strategic IS/IT of DELL There are a number of processes are available, each one provides a different framework to a development IT/IS strategic plan. Various analyse such as Porter five forces, the internal analysis (SWOT) and the value chain required to achieve this goal. Plus a number of tools obtainable through the organizations where they can find help to identify ways in which a company can obtain a strategic advantage, while improving the strategy IS/IT. Tools that are explained in the following part has proved to themselves to demonstrate the importance of the role that can be played by information technology in order to obtain certain goals, and business to find areas where IT applications can benefit from them. Conducting Internal Analysis Could be considered internal factors in the IS unit and of the element played by the users managers of IT in the whole process to be implemented, as well as an analysis of Foreign Affairs. And can be used the following tools for this process. SWOT Analysis This is the way that can be used to appraise the strengths and weaknesses, plus opportunities and threats that the organization may contain to agreement with it. Opportunities can be distinct as the range to create new sources or systems that will feature the companys long-term, while the threats can be considered as areas of performance to the changes to be carried out or counter where there is need for introduced (Robson 1997). DELL SWOT analysis Strengths Strong market position Despite the drop in market share to Hewlett-Packard recently, and Dell is still a strong player in the PC hardware segment. In the computer component and equipment manufacturing in the United States, Dell Company was in second ranked with a market share at 18% in 2007 after HP Company 20%. Dell was followed by rivals while the competitors for dell such as IBM, for 11.1% a market share, and Sun Microsystems company on 5% at a market share (Datamonitor 2008). In the computer hardware, software and equipment wholesalers industry in the US, Dell was in first position at 6.5% market share in 2007, followed for Ingram Micro 3.7% and IBM 2.8%. According to the annual ranking Inter brands by 2007, Dell brand was in 31st position among the top 100 brands in 2007 at the world; its brand was valued at $11,554 million (Datamonitor 2008). Dell is also one of the worlds leading companies in the servers segment. The company Dell is a strong market place because its partnership with EMC in the storage sector, Based in the United States information technology infrastructure and solutions company. Dell company is strong market place in the computer component sector will has a strong brand image (DELL Annual Report, 2008). Strong performance in Asia Pacific The Companys over the last three years in Asia Pacific, revenue growth in all product categories through fiscal 2006 and 2007 with strong performance. The revenue at this part rose from $5,465 million to $7,358 million between fiscal 2005 until 2007, a raise at 34.6% and CAGR at 16%. During fiscal 2007 the part in China was led by 26% revenue growth and in Japan by 13% during fiscal 2006. Higher rate revenue growth at the overall region by Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea and India In fiscal 2007. Dell Established in Bangalore, India to development centre and new global research in May 2007 to software products, data-storage systems and develop the new generation by network servers. Plus Dell Company focused in China market because Dells is the third biggest competitor after Lenovo. Furthermore, dell established a design centre in Shanghai, china which played this segment primary key in the start on a low cost price PC Also launched a corporate blog to connect with customers, powerful performance in quick growing markets will be help the dell company to increase revenue growth (Datamonitor 2008). Wide product portfolio The company has a wide range of product, including notebooks, desktops, servers, networking, printers, storage products, ink and toner, accessories, software and televisions. Dell has to perform partnerships with EMC to Promotion Vulnerable areas in storage market. It has powerful manufacturing abilities in the many regions. A wide portfolio by products has aided the dell company to provide offerings to customers, which adds constancy to its revenues. the US Army on March 2007,chose Dell company provide hardware ,servers, networking and storage in addition integration services and installation for its enterprise solutions ,hardware and information technology . Dell is one of six honourees of the Prime Minister for the contract, which is a three-year accord with two one-year extensions and buy a ceiling value of $ 5 billion. Also Dell was selected under the Armys desktop mobile computing contract to provide printers, displays, desktop, peripherals and laptops for three years (Datamonitor 2008). Weaknesses Weak internal controls In August 2005 The United State started an investigation into financial reporting and accounting matters with Dell by Securities Exchange Commission (SEC). As well as in August 2006, begin an investigation in the financial reporting and accounting issues in the company directed its Auditing accounting Committee. In addition, the Attorney in United States for the Southern District on New York to subpoenaed all documentation relating for the dell companys financial reports from 2002 until the present time. Afterward, Released the company announcement of the existence of accounting errors, find evidence of misconduct and deficiency in the fiscal control environment and through Audit Committees investigation. The company is currently evaluating whether these problems require any restatements the previous financial period. As a result, in October 2007, Dell presented its past via periodically reports by Securities Exchange Commission (SEC). Those reports include financial information for fiscal from 2003 until the first quarter of 2007. Accounting mistakes, proof of misconduct, and to fail control in the financial environment, reflecting to weaken internal controls and the reduction of investor confidence in the companys management (Datamonitor 2008). Product recalls According to dell company data it is possible for these batteries to overheat, which could pose a risk of fire. The company was forced to withdraw several products due to quality issues in the recent period. The company announced on August 2006 to withdraw 4.1 million for laptop batteries because to fire risk. These batteries made Dell-branded based with Sony cells. the company offered in December 2005 substitution batteries by some models such as Dell Precision, Dell Latitude and notebook computers by Dell Inspiron because quality issues. In addition, 2004 the company recalled several further products in previous years because problems in the quality, containing printers, AC adapters and Auto-Air power adapters also batteries between 2000 and 2001. In the past few years several product which reflects weak quality function on company Dell (Datamonitor 2008). Testing and Quality operations processes are too applied tospare parts, componentsand subassemblies obtainedby third party suppliers. Dell recently forced to withdraw products because of quality issues, and this means that Dell may not be fully capable of achieving success in achievingat own ambition quality. Product recalls weaken the confidence of customers for products, and increase the advantage of competitors to Dell. Opportunities Acquisitions In 2007, Dell companies have gained many new companies, projects and alsolong-term plans to further acquisitions in the future. Dell made a deal for the private sector Silverback Technologies in July 2007, to provide services through the provision of a platform for the management of infrastructure forIT and remote monitoring devices such as notebook computers, desktop servers, networks and storage. The following month, made ZING systems an agreement with Dell.This agreement allows Dell to use the capacities ZING continue to improve entertainment experience that offers its customers (Datamonitor 2008). performance and optimal solutions in default ISCSI Storage Area Network (SAN), and this would strengthen the Dell product and channel leadership in simplifying andIT solutions for clients at the global level, ISCSI SAN knowledge and technology the fastest growing part of the business volume. As well as at the same time, Dell completed a deal with the Express Company for the services of licensing, as soon as possible, software and software solutions and asset management. In December 2007, Dell has signed an agreement to acquire the privately held with Everdream, a large provider in the field of software-as-a Service (SaaS) that is solutions and managed services from a distance and acquisitions Everdream are a key element in the strategy of Dell simplifies IT (Datamonitor 2008). Expanding PC market In 2006, total revenues to 163.8 billion U.S. dollars in world markets through the computer, and compound annual growth rate (CAGR), representing some 7.3% in the period 2002-2006. In comparison, the market grew at an annual growth rate to reach 9% and 5.1% in Europe, Asia and the Pacific, reaching the value of each to $ 62 billion and $ 41.1 billion between 2002 and 2006 and also, increase the size of a CAGR of 10.8% in the period from 2002 to 2006 the consumption of the market, in 2006, achieving a total of 184 million units. It is expected to grow to market size of 260.8 million units in the year-end 2011 and annual growth rate of 7.2% in the period between 2006till 2011 (Datamonitor 2008). In 2006, the total revenues of 123.1 billion dollars, equivalent to 66.9% of its value in the public markets for sales of the desktop, although the sales of laptop computers of the total income of $ 60.9 billion, representing a 33.1% of market revenue share. At the same time, it is expected to increase market performance in Europe and Asia-Pacific markets with compound annual growth rates would go up by 6.1% and 5.4% respectively, during the same period, up to the values for each of the 83.5 billion also $ 53.5 billion in 2011. It is expanding the market for the computer by allowing the company to enhance the overall revenue base (Datamonitor 2008). New retail agreements Dell company entries of new agreements for retail customers to enable greater access obtain Dell products. In September 2007, Dell is entering into partnership with GOME, the largest distributor of consumer electronics in China, which allows Dell to sell products to many buyers in the computer store. Also in September 2007, Dell opened its first store in Russia retail sale. In October 2007, Dell signed a deal with Staples, which means giving consumers options for the purchase of a wide range of Dell desktops, laptops, printers, ink, toner and observers in 1,400 Staples stores. The company has signed an agreement in November 2007, with a group Carrefour, and became the first trader to sell a comprehensive desktop computers and mobile in Europe. This agreement allows consumers to purchase Dell products in 365 Carrefour Group. In January 2008, the company achieved in the retail trade agreements with theDSG as well as dell made agreement with Tesco, the retailer with international operations in Asia and Europe (Datamonitor 2008). Threats Counterfeit goods Serious threats to the Dell in the market segments of contraband goods, and the black market in 2006, a significant increase in counterfeit products on the black market and smuggling of goods made in China and Hong Kong, where the total value of goods via mainland China and Hong Kong, a significant increase 96.3% to $ 125.6 million in the mainland, and 61.9% to reach 9.4 million in Hong Kong, although the products on the black market of lower quality in most cases is much cheaper and which affect the income of the companys long-term (Datamonitor 2008). The WEEE and ROHS directive At the beginning of August 2005, the EU market to be fiscally responsible for the implementation of its obligations under the WEEE legislation. Which makes producers of electrical goods, including computers, printers, and financially responsible for the disposal and treatment, and the collection and recycling of electrical product in the past and the future. In December 2006, the Parliament of the United Kingdom to introduce a bill to implement the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive, however, the United Kingdom in January 2007, entered into force. In addition China in February 2006, issued a regulation to combat pollution (Datamonitor 2008). And Dell and non-compliance with new environmental legislation can lead to great responsibility and fines. In July 2006, and the reduction of hazardous substances (ROHS) Directive in an effective manner in order to impose restrictions on the use of Dell six hazardous materials, this material is used to produce various kinds of electrical and electronic equipment, which means that the complexity of purchasing and product design(Datamonitor 2008). Economic deceleration in the Euro zone and United States According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in the economic field in the euro area and the United States and are the most important market for Dell. Is expected to slow in 2008 due to the recent turmoil in financial markets, in 2008, is expected to International Monetary Fund (IMF) of the United States economic growth to reduce from 0.9% to 1.9% for the slow growth in the euro zone to 2.1%, as well as reduced growth in the United Kingdom, between 3.1% in 2007 to 2.3% in 2008 (Datamonitor 2008). Economic slowdown in the euro area and the United States could lead to a reduction in spending on information te Business Analysis and Strategies of Dell Business Analysis and Strategies of Dell Introduction The significance of information technology has in recent times arriving a great deal of growing concentration crossways the industry worldwide. Strategies for continuous development means that in many areas in the industry has been expanding with major companies, such as Michael Dell, Microsoft and HP and Acer, to become the main support for the IT industry, The relationship between business and IS strategy of critical importance, gives a sense of direction, and provide support to the organization by as long as options that be able to followed. The close relationship between business strategy and IS important because the ability IS to help achieve the objectives of the company by helping to reduce the problems that might be encountered in executing its plans, which means that the company is able to develop the right plans in the process in a timely manner. This report will be the focus of the leading information technology company Michael Dell (DELL). The company Michael Dell, commonly known as the Dell, and started work 25 years ago at the University of Texas at Austin, United States. It now has a presence in all parts of the world and is one of the leading companies in the world dealing through information technology. DELL adapt its work to a new area in IS / IT infrastructure and developed a solid reputation and strong identity. At the outset of this report will give an analysis of the companys activities and business strategies to help to assess the results of its operations through the use of internal analysis (SWOT), assessment of the value-added chain and other factors critical to success. This will enable recommendations to be made in order to support and improve Dells business success. DELL Information It is useful to give information on the background of Dell, its vision and mission, as well as the organizations structure and culture in order to give a comprehensive Image of the company and that is the way of progress. Company background: Dell was founded in 1984 by Michael dell who studied at the university of Texas at Austen, Michael dell founded the company in the name PC limited with a capital $1000, the first companys selling computers compatible with IBM . Michael dell started to belief that trade regulations when selling personal computers directly to users, the company will achieve greater understanding of the requirements of customers and provide them with more efficient computer products to meet those requirements. during this time Michael dell to leave the study in university to his new job, especially after winning the expansion of capital value of $300.000 from his family (DELL 2009). In 1985 the company produced the first computers of its own design, dubbed Turbo PC, which sold at $ 795 million. The design contains a processor compatible with Intel 8088 running at 8 MHzs The company has to announce this product in the national computer magazines for sale directly to customers, The compilation of each computer specifically by the customer options, Giving buyers prices lower than those of commercial companies, but with greater efficiency of an assembly of those components themselves. Although Of the fact that a company à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“PCs limitedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? is not the first company to adopt the method of this work, but it has become one of the first companies that have succeeded in this manner. Dell Company collected more than U.S. $ 73 million total dividend during its first year. Dell revenue totalled $61.133 billion for the fiscal year ended February 2008, having previously been $7.420 billion during the fiscal year ended February 2007, an rise of 6.5% on 2007 during the fiscal year 2008 the company had profit $3.440 million, an rise 12.1% on 2007, with the net profit of $2.947 million in 2008, an rise of 14.1% on 2007. Michael dell company (DELL) provides technologies and services, aboard range offering of product, including desktop PC, storage, networking products and servers, mobility products, software and peripherals .the Company mainly based in the USA and about 2008 it was employing 82.700 people (DELL 2009). DELL vision statement Dell vision is quite focused about what customer needs to be somewhat homogenous throughout the world. Have been used management to translate the vision into a successful enterprise innovative and sustainable. Dell provides quality products and latest technology to cater the needs of the customers and suppliers and to build best relationship with them (DELL 2009). DELL mission statement Mission of Dell known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“THE SOUL OF DELLà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? for the good value and obligation as well as, Direct Relationships, Customers improve loyal by great value, The Dell Team with teamwork and the opportunity anyone need to learn and develop and the Global Citizenship sharing responsibly into global marketplace. Dells mission is to meet the expectations of its customers and how to dealing business with them by phone and internet one on one for: The highest class of quality. A pioneer in the field of technology. Competitive pricing. Accountability of individuals and companies. The best in level service and supporting. The ability of flexible customization (DELL 2009). DELL organisational structure The structure of Dells organization on the basis of on the number of divisions, from the factory to High Command is very slight hierarchy to slow down a decision making process. The important points arise from organization Structure of the organization be relatively permanent and is designed to facilitate the achievement of something, This means that sometimes changes, what can be achieved change, or changes in the structure has come for senior management to change its views on the mainly agreeable structure to achieve specific results. The formal structure of the organization, which select to organization, and senior management, by inference, and this is to consider the question of choice. Structure of the division organization of component part to determine what these roles will play in achieving the goals and specific results for the whole organization. The structure of organization also provides for monitor and coordination of all parts to realization these goals (Derek Rollinson 2002). Employees are encouraged to pursue the most successful ways to complete their jobs and are permitted to implement these new efficiencies without prior approval by upper management. This open-communication has made junior employees realize their ideas are welcome and respected. Once proven to be successful, it is not unusual for these notions to be implemented in all part of organization. According a business Magazine published online in 2001 Michael Dell has been awarded CEO (Chiefexecutive 2009). Dells organizational structure is an essential part of the companys success. Small hierarchy exists inside the company. From the industrial unit to the management office, communication is emphasized and all staff is empowered to make decisions to get better job and big business performance. Top management support is not required for the completion of new ideas. Dells business flat structure is probable to enable the company to stay at the top of industry. Worker empowerment facilitates development innovation one of the most important spirited characteristics of growing industries. Likewise, Dells fast, reliable and receptive business replica enables it to execute its direct sales model more effectively than any other company in the industry. As well as Dell expands interested in rising markets, however, the corporation will have to adapt its organizational structure to increasing global environments. Dell will need to keep focus on its place in the manufacturing goods differentiator, bringing superior value to clients. DELL organisational culture organizational culture espoused by individuals in organizations have a strong influence and direct their behaviours and performance of their activities and their supervisors and their subordinates, colleagues and dealers with them, and reflect these values and beliefs, the degree of coherence and integration among the members of the organization as an internal control system when the bells ring out behaviours limits drawn to the human eye, therefore, these values reflect the organizations ability to create core values can move around all the efforts at all levels of the organization. Component values between several different of culture definition , which represents a common denominator and that these values refer to the attitudes, beliefs and ideas in a particular organization and reach these values to the individuals are obliged by social relations and continuous interaction among them, management will contribute greatly to instil the values espoused by the members when the organization adopts certain values such as to obey the laws and regulations and attention customers and improve efficiency, the organization expects of its members to adopt these values and reflect on their behaviour. Values and organizational culture play an important role in maintaining the identity of the organization and support its presence and influence in the activities of their employees, so managers are keen to develop and adopt organizational values to achieve the objectives of the organizations. However Cultural change is neither easy nor assured .It can take a long time and it takes effort and vigilance. (Philip E. Atkinson 1997) Dell maintained its culture through honesty and open communication. Tell Dell surveys into encourage rank and file employees anonymous evaluation of managers and senior leaders. The company believes that this kind of honesty help to bring change and accountability. Previous assessments have brought improvements in work-life balance, and common goals, classifications and job satisfaction. Dell, the winner of culture and diversity initiatives to create a comprehensive environment for companies on the basis of merit and personal competence and the achievement of equal access to all available opportunities, leading to employee satisfaction with the choice of employees to stay with Dell because of the significant benefits offered by the company, and the company aims to enable workers to maximize its contribution to the company while also maintaining effectiveness between their work and personal lives, as well as sponsors in the community of networks formed by groups of staff that help promote a more inclusive work environment, and improve communication between employees and enhance understanding by all staff about the value of diversity. Dale is described as a culture of meritocracy, which rewards those employees who are working hard to achieve organizational goals. Dell is also promoting a culture of learning within the organization, where each employee is expected to be committed to the promotion of consciousness of the company and work to achieve those objectives, and be on the other hand, Dell is committed to staff development, and help employees achieve personal and professional through the professional management (DELL 2009). Focus on internal efforts in Dell on cultivating and promoting best practices among those working in the areas of policy development, training and employment, direction and development and advancement and culture change, Dell strives to develop and participate fully, and retain talent on a high performance and flexibility in the invitation, in the workplace to enable staff and managers to hold discussions on the needs of every business and every employee in the individual work / life effectiveness of objectives, and then to build an implementation plan for each priority. Council and management of Dell are expected to bring integrity to the management and operation of the company and each and every one of the managers and senior management should be an example where trust, integrity, respect and responsibility of Management. Business and IS/IT strategies IS strategy is the long-term orientation, business-led and demand orientated .At the same time, IS strategy concerned either to support current strategy of business or develop a new strategy for IT choices, the responsibility of IS strategy fall within the range of senior management. IT strategy is described as the basis of the activity. Supply which focuses on technology and demand. It is also for the delivery of IT a practical solution to business problems. IT strategy is not only for the vision that senior managers adopt on IS planning long-term, but instead from the practical application of IT for business. The effective information management strategic can make in enable the institutions to work more competitive and flexible in the global environment and current developments in IS/IT impacting organizations to change the basics elements for prosperity strategic change management. On the other hand the introduction of IS / IT of manufacturing into the business sector, has led to significant improvement, for example in the automotive industry, where most of its processes controlled by the machines, and have the IT / IS computer operating system. IS/IT plays an important and very useful element in the growth of products at various stages, during all the product stages, with manufacturing industries by using computer-aided design to develop the design of product. (Currie.W 1995) You can also use the IT/IS to support the activities of value chain in order to gain a competitive benefit. Making it easier for suppliers to be close the system, improve services, cost savings and accelerate the delivery time while Value added by IT/IS for value chain makes the operations activities faster a result a rapid response to customer requirements and demands. It can also using the added value for the improvement and achieved about the sales activity to provide the competitiveness of the company with its competitors. Dells devised operating framework to guide them the strategic decisions making and manage, dependent for the elements below targeted growth, operational efficiency and capital strategy. Targeted Growth: The company has concentrated on the analysis of the growth opportunities in the future, to consider the customer segments, geography and business groups, but in order to obtain these opportunities, they continue to produce developments to become to the market effectively. Dell believes that if it builds an excellent technology with direct sell, then clients will want to buy this technology, except it must be effective in selling their technologies as it is an image in the first place. So far, it had conducted a long-term analysis of its sales strength; Making sure that they have a sufficient number of appropriate skills and experience with account managers, and the correct management of the accounts in the correct places, and in its target with the opportunities available for development. In this method, this aims to get better results of sales, while declining costs in the sale off. In order to make the service provided to their clients and clear and accountable, Dell has made several new programs; therefore the development of new incentive schemes in the process to achieve greater growth and profits for both Dell and its partners. The company will be the potential for growth can be achieved only by gaining customer loyalty and customer respect the outcome of positive experiences. There must be better coordination of sales and marketing with targeted investment if the company is to increase growth and achieve an improved return on investment in those regions where it is seeking to create more demand, it also a need to interact with customers in those regions where the clients spend a lot of time on the website. Operational Efficiency: Side by side with their search of growth, the company has purposed to get better efficiency and raise the speed and effectiveness in the field of marketing. To this conclusion the structure of companys dell rationalized and managerial matrices have been decreased and nearly three layers of top management have been disconnected, therefore the integration of its global processes with business groups to achieve greater accountability, competence and speed. The completion of the restructuring of large and led to a reduction in costs and benefits in terms of the full cost of this will be seen through the fiscal year. Capital Strategy: The company dell has made significant growth in reducing the total costs that are given the opportunity to invest further capital in the growth and even add to market share. Dell has required to achieve four key benefits of its business, firstly to lower costs, plus increase its capacity at the same time, to manage their business and meet the needs of its customers extra efficiently through access to improved information, it will also seek to improve control over the infrastructure for decrease business risk finally, In order to achieve all of this using Dell technology. Dell will be a wide publicity advertisement to its customers all over the world this way with its own IT. Dell is composed of people who have committed to work well in every day and, therefore, in order to achieve progress, the company invests heavily in developing the skills of its staff. To enable staff to develop performance and competencies with the development of their innovation by giving them this authority, the company also provides comprehensive programs to give opportunities to employees to improve and develop their performance, and in this line ensures the company to increase its competitive advantage, the companys success derives from the success of its managers and employees. The Strategic IS/IT of DELL There are a number of processes are available, each one provides a different framework to a development IT/IS strategic plan. Various analyse such as Porter five forces, the internal analysis (SWOT) and the value chain required to achieve this goal. Plus a number of tools obtainable through the organizations where they can find help to identify ways in which a company can obtain a strategic advantage, while improving the strategy IS/IT. Tools that are explained in the following part has proved to themselves to demonstrate the importance of the role that can be played by information technology in order to obtain certain goals, and business to find areas where IT applications can benefit from them. Conducting Internal Analysis Could be considered internal factors in the IS unit and of the element played by the users managers of IT in the whole process to be implemented, as well as an analysis of Foreign Affairs. And can be used the following tools for this process. SWOT Analysis This is the way that can be used to appraise the strengths and weaknesses, plus opportunities and threats that the organization may contain to agreement with it. Opportunities can be distinct as the range to create new sources or systems that will feature the companys long-term, while the threats can be considered as areas of performance to the changes to be carried out or counter where there is need for introduced (Robson 1997). DELL SWOT analysis Strengths Strong market position Despite the drop in market share to Hewlett-Packard recently, and Dell is still a strong player in the PC hardware segment. In the computer component and equipment manufacturing in the United States, Dell Company was in second ranked with a market share at 18% in 2007 after HP Company 20%. Dell was followed by rivals while the competitors for dell such as IBM, for 11.1% a market share, and Sun Microsystems company on 5% at a market share (Datamonitor 2008). In the computer hardware, software and equipment wholesalers industry in the US, Dell was in first position at 6.5% market share in 2007, followed for Ingram Micro 3.7% and IBM 2.8%. According to the annual ranking Inter brands by 2007, Dell brand was in 31st position among the top 100 brands in 2007 at the world; its brand was valued at $11,554 million (Datamonitor 2008). Dell is also one of the worlds leading companies in the servers segment. The company Dell is a strong market place because its partnership with EMC in the storage sector, Based in the United States information technology infrastructure and solutions company. Dell company is strong market place in the computer component sector will has a strong brand image (DELL Annual Report, 2008). Strong performance in Asia Pacific The Companys over the last three years in Asia Pacific, revenue growth in all product categories through fiscal 2006 and 2007 with strong performance. The revenue at this part rose from $5,465 million to $7,358 million between fiscal 2005 until 2007, a raise at 34.6% and CAGR at 16%. During fiscal 2007 the part in China was led by 26% revenue growth and in Japan by 13% during fiscal 2006. Higher rate revenue growth at the overall region by Malaysia, Singapore, South Korea and India In fiscal 2007. Dell Established in Bangalore, India to development centre and new global research in May 2007 to software products, data-storage systems and develop the new generation by network servers. Plus Dell Company focused in China market because Dells is the third biggest competitor after Lenovo. Furthermore, dell established a design centre in Shanghai, china which played this segment primary key in the start on a low cost price PC Also launched a corporate blog to connect with customers, powerful performance in quick growing markets will be help the dell company to increase revenue growth (Datamonitor 2008). Wide product portfolio The company has a wide range of product, including notebooks, desktops, servers, networking, printers, storage products, ink and toner, accessories, software and televisions. Dell has to perform partnerships with EMC to Promotion Vulnerable areas in storage market. It has powerful manufacturing abilities in the many regions. A wide portfolio by products has aided the dell company to provide offerings to customers, which adds constancy to its revenues. the US Army on March 2007,chose Dell company provide hardware ,servers, networking and storage in addition integration services and installation for its enterprise solutions ,hardware and information technology . Dell is one of six honourees of the Prime Minister for the contract, which is a three-year accord with two one-year extensions and buy a ceiling value of $ 5 billion. Also Dell was selected under the Armys desktop mobile computing contract to provide printers, displays, desktop, peripherals and laptops for three years (Datamonitor 2008). Weaknesses Weak internal controls In August 2005 The United State started an investigation into financial reporting and accounting matters with Dell by Securities Exchange Commission (SEC). As well as in August 2006, begin an investigation in the financial reporting and accounting issues in the company directed its Auditing accounting Committee. In addition, the Attorney in United States for the Southern District on New York to subpoenaed all documentation relating for the dell companys financial reports from 2002 until the present time. Afterward, Released the company announcement of the existence of accounting errors, find evidence of misconduct and deficiency in the fiscal control environment and through Audit Committees investigation. The company is currently evaluating whether these problems require any restatements the previous financial period. As a result, in October 2007, Dell presented its past via periodically reports by Securities Exchange Commission (SEC). Those reports include financial information for fiscal from 2003 until the first quarter of 2007. Accounting mistakes, proof of misconduct, and to fail control in the financial environment, reflecting to weaken internal controls and the reduction of investor confidence in the companys management (Datamonitor 2008). Product recalls According to dell company data it is possible for these batteries to overheat, which could pose a risk of fire. The company was forced to withdraw several products due to quality issues in the recent period. The company announced on August 2006 to withdraw 4.1 million for laptop batteries because to fire risk. These batteries made Dell-branded based with Sony cells. the company offered in December 2005 substitution batteries by some models such as Dell Precision, Dell Latitude and notebook computers by Dell Inspiron because quality issues. In addition, 2004 the company recalled several further products in previous years because problems in the quality, containing printers, AC adapters and Auto-Air power adapters also batteries between 2000 and 2001. In the past few years several product which reflects weak quality function on company Dell (Datamonitor 2008). Testing and Quality operations processes are too applied tospare parts, componentsand subassemblies obtainedby third party suppliers. Dell recently forced to withdraw products because of quality issues, and this means that Dell may not be fully capable of achieving success in achievingat own ambition quality. Product recalls weaken the confidence of customers for products, and increase the advantage of competitors to Dell. Opportunities Acquisitions In 2007, Dell companies have gained many new companies, projects and alsolong-term plans to further acquisitions in the future. Dell made a deal for the private sector Silverback Technologies in July 2007, to provide services through the provision of a platform for the management of infrastructure forIT and remote monitoring devices such as notebook computers, desktop servers, networks and storage. The following month, made ZING systems an agreement with Dell.This agreement allows Dell to use the capacities ZING continue to improve entertainment experience that offers its customers (Datamonitor 2008). performance and optimal solutions in default ISCSI Storage Area Network (SAN), and this would strengthen the Dell product and channel leadership in simplifying andIT solutions for clients at the global level, ISCSI SAN knowledge and technology the fastest growing part of the business volume. As well as at the same time, Dell completed a deal with the Express Company for the services of licensing, as soon as possible, software and software solutions and asset management. In December 2007, Dell has signed an agreement to acquire the privately held with Everdream, a large provider in the field of software-as-a Service (SaaS) that is solutions and managed services from a distance and acquisitions Everdream are a key element in the strategy of Dell simplifies IT (Datamonitor 2008). Expanding PC market In 2006, total revenues to 163.8 billion U.S. dollars in world markets through the computer, and compound annual growth rate (CAGR), representing some 7.3% in the period 2002-2006. In comparison, the market grew at an annual growth rate to reach 9% and 5.1% in Europe, Asia and the Pacific, reaching the value of each to $ 62 billion and $ 41.1 billion between 2002 and 2006 and also, increase the size of a CAGR of 10.8% in the period from 2002 to 2006 the consumption of the market, in 2006, achieving a total of 184 million units. It is expected to grow to market size of 260.8 million units in the year-end 2011 and annual growth rate of 7.2% in the period between 2006till 2011 (Datamonitor 2008). In 2006, the total revenues of 123.1 billion dollars, equivalent to 66.9% of its value in the public markets for sales of the desktop, although the sales of laptop computers of the total income of $ 60.9 billion, representing a 33.1% of market revenue share. At the same time, it is expected to increase market performance in Europe and Asia-Pacific markets with compound annual growth rates would go up by 6.1% and 5.4% respectively, during the same period, up to the values for each of the 83.5 billion also $ 53.5 billion in 2011. It is expanding the market for the computer by allowing the company to enhance the overall revenue base (Datamonitor 2008). New retail agreements Dell company entries of new agreements for retail customers to enable greater access obtain Dell products. In September 2007, Dell is entering into partnership with GOME, the largest distributor of consumer electronics in China, which allows Dell to sell products to many buyers in the computer store. Also in September 2007, Dell opened its first store in Russia retail sale. In October 2007, Dell signed a deal with Staples, which means giving consumers options for the purchase of a wide range of Dell desktops, laptops, printers, ink, toner and observers in 1,400 Staples stores. The company has signed an agreement in November 2007, with a group Carrefour, and became the first trader to sell a comprehensive desktop computers and mobile in Europe. This agreement allows consumers to purchase Dell products in 365 Carrefour Group. In January 2008, the company achieved in the retail trade agreements with theDSG as well as dell made agreement with Tesco, the retailer with international operations in Asia and Europe (Datamonitor 2008). Threats Counterfeit goods Serious threats to the Dell in the market segments of contraband goods, and the black market in 2006, a significant increase in counterfeit products on the black market and smuggling of goods made in China and Hong Kong, where the total value of goods via mainland China and Hong Kong, a significant increase 96.3% to $ 125.6 million in the mainland, and 61.9% to reach 9.4 million in Hong Kong, although the products on the black market of lower quality in most cases is much cheaper and which affect the income of the companys long-term (Datamonitor 2008). The WEEE and ROHS directive At the beginning of August 2005, the EU market to be fiscally responsible for the implementation of its obligations under the WEEE legislation. Which makes producers of electrical goods, including computers, printers, and financially responsible for the disposal and treatment, and the collection and recycling of electrical product in the past and the future. In December 2006, the Parliament of the United Kingdom to introduce a bill to implement the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive, however, the United Kingdom in January 2007, entered into force. In addition China in February 2006, issued a regulation to combat pollution (Datamonitor 2008). And Dell and non-compliance with new environmental legislation can lead to great responsibility and fines. In July 2006, and the reduction of hazardous substances (ROHS) Directive in an effective manner in order to impose restrictions on the use of Dell six hazardous materials, this material is used to produce various kinds of electrical and electronic equipment, which means that the complexity of purchasing and product design(Datamonitor 2008). Economic deceleration in the Euro zone and United States According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in the economic field in the euro area and the United States and are the most important market for Dell. Is expected to slow in 2008 due to the recent turmoil in financial markets, in 2008, is expected to International Monetary Fund (IMF) of the United States economic growth to reduce from 0.9% to 1.9% for the slow growth in the euro zone to 2.1%, as well as reduced growth in the United Kingdom, between 3.1% in 2007 to 2.3% in 2008 (Datamonitor 2008). Economic slowdown in the euro area and the United States could lead to a reduction in spending on information te